Applied Circular Economy Engineering

Juliano B. Araujo, PhD, is a production engineer with a doctorate in sustainable manufacturing from the University of Sao Paulo. He's a visiting scientist at Pforzheim University's Institute for Industrial Ecology.Henning Hinderer, PhD, is Vice Dean and Head of the Business Administration and Engineering department at Pforzheim University. His research focuses on the strategic and technical aspects of value chains.Tobias Viere, PhD, is Professor at Pforzheim University’s business school and directs the Life Cycle & Sustainability master's program.Jörg Woidasky, PhD, is Professor of Sustainable Product Development at the Faculty of Engineering at Pforzheim University. His research is focused on sustainable processes and product design.

• Preface xiiiAbout the Companion Website xvPart I Introduction 11 Challenges and Perspectives of Applying Circular Economy in Business and Engineering 3Juliano Araujo, Henning Hinderer, Tobias Viere, Jörg Woidasky1.1 Introduction 31.2 Strategic Approach for CE Implementation 41.3 Comprehensive Evaluation of Business Circularity Readiness 71.4 Overview of Current Progress in Business Circularity 91.5 Innovation as a Key Driver for Business Circularity 101.6 Conclusion and Structure of This Book 13Part II Materials (Selection, Properties) 192 Aluminum Alloys, Recycling, and the Circular Economy 21Robert Sanders, Wilhelm Kiefer2.1 Introduction: The Importance of Recycling for the Aluminum Industry 212.2 Current State of the Circular Economy for Aluminum 222.3 Innovations in Scrap Processing Technologies 362.4 Summary and Conclusion 403 Circular Economy of Polymers -- Its Current State in Germany and Beyond 43Maximilian Auer, Jannick Schmidt, Jörg Woidasky3.1 Introduction 433.2 State of the Art of Plastic Categories and Applications 443.3 Polymer Production in Europe and Germany 463.4 Polymer Waste in Europe and Germany 483.5 Lightweight Packaging Waste Collection Systems 483.6 Lightweight Packaging Sorting in Germany 503.7 Plastic Waste Recycling 513.8 Conclusion 534 Implementing Circular Value Creation in the Construction Sector 63Franziska Struck, Celestin Stretz, Gotthard Walter, Dirk Klöpper, Sabine Flamme4.1 Background 634.2 Challenges for the Implementation of Circular Value Creation in the Construction Sector 644.3 Approaches for Increasing Circular Value Creation in the Construction Sector 654.4 Outlook/Perspectives 75Part III Products (Design, Servitization) 795 Circular Process Implementation for Electric Drives -- Experiences and Examples 81Jürgen Miller5.1 Introduction 815.2 Environmentally Friendly Product Design: New Challenges 855.3 Closing the Loop -- Circular Return 905.4 Disassembly, Treatment, and Reuse 925.5 Industrial Examples 925.6 Conclusion and Outlook 946 Circularity in the Healthcare Industry 97Marcel Kern, Jörg Woidasky6.1 Current Challenges in the Healthcare Sector 976.2 Handling Clinical Waste 986.3 Waste Production in Hospitals 1006.4 Medical Devices 1016.5 Circular Economy in Medical Technology 1046.6 Conclusion 1067 Circular Economy Indicators for Product Design -- Calculation and Applicability 111Paula Kuhn, Juliano Bezerra de Araujo, Annika Pruhs, Anina Kusch, Frank Bertagnolli, Tobias Viere7.1 Introduction 1117.2 Methodology 1147.3 Results and Discussion 1177.4 Conclusion and Perspectives 1268 Makigami of an Industrial Product Development Process: Use of a Lean Methodology to Integrate Sustainable and Circular Product Design 133Annika Pruhs, Anina Kusch, Frank Bertagnolli, Tobias Viere, Jörg Woidasky8.1 Introduction 1338.2 Analysis and Visualization Through the Makigami Methodology 1348.3 Product Development Process in Practice 1348.4 Current State: Recording of the PDP 1358.5 Target State: Integration of the EDA into the PDP 1378.6 Implementation of a Circularity-oriented PDP 1418.7 Conclusion 141Part IV Technology (Production and Business Processes) 1459 Single-stage Sorting and Marker Technology for a Circular Economy of Polymers 147Guojun Gao, Dirk Wacker, Beate Kummer, Robin Just, Reiner Just, Markus Reisacher, Christof Strohhoefer, Jochen Moesslein9.1 Introduction 1479.2 Problems with Existing Conventional Sorting Technology 1509.3 Sort4Circle® Innovations Compared to the Competition 1539.4 Conclusion 15610 Embracing Entomophagy: Insects as Catalysts for Sustainable Circular Economies 159Gia Tien Ngo10.1 Introduction 15910.2 Back to the Roots Can Also Drive Innovations 15910.3 Advantages of Insects as Food and Feed 16110.4 Case Study Alpha-protein 16510.5 Industrial Automation as the Key to Sustainability 16710.6 The Promising Future of the Insect Industry: A Beacon of Sustainability 16811 Digital Technologies for Enabling and Engineering the Circular Economy 171Heiko Thimm11.1 Introduction 17111.2 CE Principles in the Context of Collaborative Business and the Internet Evolution 17211.3 Transition Toward the CE -- ICT-specific Barriers and Challenges 17511.4 The Concept of the Circular Economy Digital Machine Room 17711.5 Use Cases 18311.6 Conclusion 188Part V Organization (Management, Business Models) 19712 Finding Ideas for Sustainability-oriented Innovations: Using Circular Business Models for Innovation 199Claus Lang-Koetz, Philipp Wichert, Leon Deterding12.1 Introduction 19912.2 Business Models and CE 20212.3 Sustainability-oriented Innovation Management 20612.4 Creative Search for New Ideas 20712.5 Practical Approach on How to Use CBMs in Innovation Management 20812.6 Conclusion and Outlook 21213 Circular Economy Business Models and Ecodesign Approaches in Practice -- A Case Study Literature Review 219Liz Fohrenkamm, Juliano de Araujo, Tobias Viere13.1 Introduction 21913.2 Methods 22013.3 Results 22413.4 Discussion 23013.5 Conclusion 23214 The IRMa Approach -- Integrative Resource Efficiency Management in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises 235Alexandra Vogt, Ingela Tietze, Philipp Preiss, Claus Lang-Koetz, Heidi Hottenroth14.1 Introduction 23514.2 State of the Art: Conceptual Frameworks for SMEs in Resource Efficiency and Circular Economy 23714.3 Methodology 23914.4 IRMa Approach 23914.5 Application 24614.6 Conclusion and Outlook 247Acknowledgement 248Part VI Contextualization of Circular Economy Engineering 25315 Cultural and Cross-Cultural Requirements of Circular Economy Engineering: Addressing Issues of Global Responsibility, Social Sustainability, and Ethics 255Jasmin Mahadevan15.1 Introduction 25515.2 Essential Concepts 25615.3 Three Properties of Culture and Ensuring Requirements 25715.4 The Systemic Challenge of Culture and How to Address It 26415.5 The Engineering Dimension of Culture and Its Implications 27015.6 Towards an Interculturally Competent Circular Economy Engineering 27315.7 Summary and Conclusion 274About the Author 27516 The Actual Goals and Limits of Circular Economy -- A Critical Perspective 277Mario Schmidt16.1 Introduction 27716.2 Review of Common Premises 27816.3 Circularity as an Overall Goal? 27916.4 Lack of Proper Assessments and Indicators 28116.5 Holistic Approaches Needed 28216.6 Concluding Remarks 283References 283Index 287