Uncertaintyisanincreasinglyimportantresearchtopicinmanyareasofc- puterscience. Manyformalismsarebeingdeveloped,withmuchinterestatthe theoryleveldirectedatdevelopingabetterunderstandingoftheformalismsand identifyingrelationshipsbetweenformalisms,andatthetechnologyleveldirected atdevelopingsoftwaretoolsforformalismsandapplicationsofformalisms. ThemainEuropeanforumforthesubjectistheEuropeanConferenceon SymbolicandQuantitativeApproachestoReasoningandUncertainty(EC- SQARU). FollowingthesuccessofthepreviousECSQARUconferences,heldin Marseilles(1991),Granada(1993),Fribourg(1995),andBonn(1997),the?fth conferenceintheserieswasheldatUniversityCollegeLondoninJuly1999. ThisvolumecontainspapersacceptedforpresentationatECSQARU'99. In additiontothemainconference,twoworkshopswereheld. The?rstwason DecisionTheoreticandGameTheoreticAgents,chairedbySimonParsonsand MikeWooldridge,andthesecondwasonLogicalandUncertaintyModelsfor InformationSystems,chairedbyFabioCrestaniandMouniaLalmas. Selected papersfromtheworkshopsarealsoincludedintheseproceedings. Weareindebitedtotheprogrammmecommitteefortheire?ortinorganising theprogramme,totheinvitedspeakers,andtothepresentersofthetutorials.Furthermore,wegratefullyacknowledgethecontributionofthemanyreferees whowereinvolvedinthereviewingprocess. Finallywewouldliketothankthe DepartmentofComputerScienceatUniversityCollegeLondonforadminist- tivesupport. ProgrammeCommittee TheprogrammecommitteewaschairedbyAnthonyHunter(UniversityCollege London),andcomprisedDovGabbay(King'sCollegeLondon),FinnJensen (AalborgUniversity),RudolfKruse(UniversityofMagdeburg),SimonParsons (QueenMary,UniversityofLondon)HenriPrade(IRIT,Toulouse),Torsten Schaub(UniversityofPotsdam),andPhilippeSmets(ULB,Bruxelles). Reviewers Theprogrammecommitteeisverygratefulforallthehardworkcontributed bythereviewers. Hopefully,wehavenotmissedanyonefromthefollowing list:BruceD'Ambrosio,FlorenceBannay,SalemBenferhat,PhilippeBesnard, HuguesBersini,ChristianBorgelt,RachelBourne,StefanBrass,LaurenceCholvy, RogerCooke,AdnanDarwiche,YannisDimopoulos,JurgenDix,DidierDubois, UweEgly,LindavanderGaag,JoergGebhardt,SiegfriedGottwald,RolfHaenni, Jean-YvesJa?ray,RadimJirousek,RuthKempson,U?eKjaerulf,FrankK- wonn,AljoschaKlose,JuergKohlas,PaulKrause,GerhardLakemeyer,Mounia Lalmas,JeromeLang,KimG. Larsen,NorbertLehmann,T. Y. Lin,Thomas Linke,KhalidMellouli,JeromeMengin,J. -J. Ch.Meyer,SanjayModgil,Yves Moinard,Sera?nMoral,DetlefNauck,AnnNicholson,PascalNicolas,Dennis VI Preface Nilsson,KristianG. Olesen,RainerPalm,ZdzislawPawlak,VincentRisch,Regis Sabbadin,CamillaSchwind,PrakashP. Shenoy,MilanStudeny,HeikoTimm, HansTompits,MarcoValtorta,andCeesWitteven. April1999 AnthonyHunterandSimonParsons TableofContents Onthedynamicsofdefaultreasoning GrigorisAntoniou...1 Non-monotonicandparaconsistentreasoning:Frombasicentailmentsto plausiblerelations OferArieliandArnonAvron ...11 AcomparisonofsystematicandlocalsearchalgorithmsforregularCNF formulas Ram'onB'ejarandFelipMany'a...22 Query-answeringinprioritizeddefaultlogic FaridBenhammadi,PascalNicolasandTorstenSchaub...32 Updatingdirectedbeliefnetworks BoutheinaBenYaghlaneandKhaledMellouli...43 Inferringcausalexplanations PhilippeBesnardandMarie-OdileCordier...55 Acritiqueofinductivecausation ChristianBorgeltandRudolfKruse...68 Connectinglexicographicwithmaximumentropyentailment RachelA. BourneandSimonParsons...80 Avoidingnon-groundvariables StefanBruning .. andTorstenSchaub...92 Anchoringsymbolstovisiondatabyfuzzylogic SilviaCoradeschiandAlessandroSa?otti...104 Filteringvsrevisionandupdate:Letusdebate!CorineCossartandCatherineTessier...116 Irrelevanceandindependenceaxiomsinquasi-Bayesiantheory FabioG. Cozman...128 Assessingthevalueofacandidate:Aqualitativepossibilisticapproach DidierDubois,MichelGrabischandHenriPrade...137 VIII TableofContents Learningdefaulttheories B'eatriceDuvalandPascalNicolas...148 Knowledgerepresentationforinductivelearning PeterA. Flach...160 Handling inconsistency e?ciently in the incremental construction of strati?ed beliefbases EricGr'egoire...168 Roughknowledgediscoveryandapplications J. W. GuanandD. A. Bell...179 GradientdescenttrainingofBayesiannetworks FinnV. Jensen...190 Opendefaulttheoriesovercloseddomains:Anextendedabstract MichaelKaminski...201 Shopboteconomics Je?reyO. KephartandAmyR. Greenwald...208 OptimizedalgorithmforlearningBayesiannetworkfromdata F'ediaKhalfallahandKhaledMellouli...221 Mergingwithintegrityconstraints S'ebastienKoniecznyandRam'onPinoP'erez...233 Boolean-likeinterpretationofSugenointegral IvanKramosil...245 AnalternativetooutwardpropagationforDempster-Shaferbelieffunctions NorbertLehmannandRolfHaenni...256 Onbottom-uppre-processingtechniquesforautomateddefaultreasoning ThomasLinkeandTorstenSchaub...268 Probabilisitclogicprogrammingundermaximumentropy ThomasLukasiewiczandGabrieleKern-Isberner...279 Lazypropagationandindependenceofcausalin?uence AndersL. MadsenandBruceD'Ambrosio...293 TableofContents IX AMonteCarloalgorithmforcombiningDempster-Shaferbeliefbasedon approximatepre-computation Seraf'?nMoralandAntonioSalmer'on...305 Anextensionofalinguisticnegationmodelallowingustodenynuanced propertycombinations DanielPacholczyk...316 Argumentationandqualitativedecisionmaking SimonParsonsandShawGreen...328 Handling di?erent forms of uncertainty in regression analysis: A fuzzy belief structureapproach SimonPetit-RenaudandThierryDenoeux...340 State recognition in discrete dynamical systems using Petri nets and evidence theory Mich'eleRombaut,ImanJarkassandThierryDenoeux...352 Robotnavigationandmapbuildingwiththeeventcalculus MurrayShanahanandMarkWitkowski...362 Informationfusioninthecontextofstockindexprediction StefanSiekmann,J..orgGebhardtandRudolfKruse...363 Defeasiblegoals LeendertvanderTorre...374 Logicaldeductionusingthelocalcomputationframework NicWilsonandJ'eromeMengin...386 AuthorIndex...397 OntheDynamicsofDefaultReasoning Grigoris Antoniou Gri?thUniversity,QLD4111,Australia UniversityofMacedonia,Thessaloniki,Greece ga@cit.gu. edu. au Abstract. Defaultlogicisaprominentrigorousmethodforreasoning withincompleteinformationbasedonassumptions. Itisastaticreas- ingapproach,inthesensethatitdoesn'treasonaboutchangesandtheir consequences. Ontheotherhand,itsnonmonotonicbehaviourappears whenchangestoadefaulttheoryaremade.

Uncertaintyisanincreasinglyimportantresearchtopicinmanyareasofc- puterscience. Manyformalismsarebeingdeveloped,withmuchinterestatthe theoryleveldirectedatdevelopingabetterunderstandingoftheformalismsand identifyingrelationshipsbetweenformalisms,andatthetechnologyleveldirected atdevelopingsoftwaretoolsforformalismsandapplicationsofformalisms. ThemainEuropeanforumforthesubjectistheEuropeanConferenceon SymbolicandQuantitativeApproachestoReasoningandUncertainty(EC- SQARU). FollowingthesuccessofthepreviousECSQARUconferences,heldin Marseilles(1991),Granada(1993),Fribourg(1995),andBonn(1997),the?fth conferenceintheserieswasheldatUniversityCollegeLondoninJuly1999. ThisvolumecontainspapersacceptedforpresentationatECSQARU'99. In additiontothemainconference,twoworkshopswereheld. The?rstwason DecisionTheoreticandGameTheoreticAgents,chairedbySimonParsonsand MikeWooldridge,andthesecondwasonLogicalandUncertaintyModelsfor InformationSystems,chairedbyFabioCrestaniandMouniaLalmas. Selected papersfromtheworkshopsarealsoincludedintheseproceedings. Weareindebitedtotheprogrammmecommitteefortheire?ortinorganising theprogramme,totheinvitedspeakers,andtothepresentersofthetutorials.Furthermore,wegratefullyacknowledgethecontributionofthemanyreferees whowereinvolvedinthereviewingprocess. Finallywewouldliketothankthe DepartmentofComputerScienceatUniversityCollegeLondonforadminist- tivesupport. ProgrammeCommittee TheprogrammecommitteewaschairedbyAnthonyHunter(UniversityCollege London),andcomprisedDovGabbay(King'sCollegeLondon),FinnJensen (AalborgUniversity),RudolfKruse(UniversityofMagdeburg),SimonParsons (QueenMary,UniversityofLondon)HenriPrade(IRIT,Toulouse),Torsten Schaub(UniversityofPotsdam),andPhilippeSmets(ULB,Bruxelles). Reviewers Theprogrammecommitteeisverygratefulforallthehardworkcontributed bythereviewers. Hopefully,wehavenotmissedanyonefromthefollowing list:BruceD'Ambrosio,FlorenceBannay,SalemBenferhat,PhilippeBesnard, HuguesBersini,ChristianBorgelt,RachelBourne,StefanBrass,LaurenceCholvy, RogerCooke,AdnanDarwiche,YannisDimopoulos,JurgenDix,DidierDubois, UweEgly,LindavanderGaag,JoergGebhardt,SiegfriedGottwald,RolfHaenni, Jean-YvesJa?ray,RadimJirousek,RuthKempson,U?eKjaerulf,FrankK- wonn,AljoschaKlose,JuergKohlas,PaulKrause,GerhardLakemeyer,Mounia Lalmas,JeromeLang,KimG. Larsen,NorbertLehmann,T. Y. Lin,Thomas Linke,KhalidMellouli,JeromeMengin,J. -J. Ch.Meyer,SanjayModgil,Yves Moinard,Sera?nMoral,DetlefNauck,AnnNicholson,PascalNicolas,Dennis VI Preface Nilsson,KristianG. Olesen,RainerPalm,ZdzislawPawlak,VincentRisch,Regis Sabbadin,CamillaSchwind,PrakashP. Shenoy,MilanStudeny,HeikoTimm, HansTompits,MarcoValtorta,andCeesWitteven. April1999 AnthonyHunterandSimonParsons TableofContents Onthedynamicsofdefaultreasoning GrigorisAntoniou...1 Non-monotonicandparaconsistentreasoning:Frombasicentailmentsto plausiblerelations OferArieliandArnonAvron ...11 AcomparisonofsystematicandlocalsearchalgorithmsforregularCNF formulas Ram'onB'ejarandFelipMany'a...22 Query-answeringinprioritizeddefaultlogic FaridBenhammadi,PascalNicolasandTorstenSchaub...32 Updatingdirectedbeliefnetworks BoutheinaBenYaghlaneandKhaledMellouli...43 Inferringcausalexplanations PhilippeBesnardandMarie-OdileCordier...55 Acritiqueofinductivecausation ChristianBorgeltandRudolfKruse...68 Connectinglexicographicwithmaximumentropyentailment RachelA. BourneandSimonParsons...80 Avoidingnon-groundvariables StefanBruning .. andTorstenSchaub...92 Anchoringsymbolstovisiondatabyfuzzylogic SilviaCoradeschiandAlessandroSa?otti...104 Filteringvsrevisionandupdate:Letusdebate!CorineCossartandCatherineTessier...116 Irrelevanceandindependenceaxiomsinquasi-Bayesiantheory FabioG. Cozman...128 Assessingthevalueofacandidate:Aqualitativepossibilisticapproach DidierDubois,MichelGrabischandHenriPrade...137 VIII TableofContents Learningdefaulttheories B'eatriceDuvalandPascalNicolas...148 Knowledgerepresentationforinductivelearning PeterA. Flach...160 Handling inconsistency e?ciently in the incremental construction of strati?ed beliefbases EricGr'egoire...168 Roughknowledgediscoveryandapplications J. W. GuanandD. A. Bell...179 GradientdescenttrainingofBayesiannetworks FinnV. Jensen...190 Opendefaulttheoriesovercloseddomains:Anextendedabstract MichaelKaminski...201 Shopboteconomics Je?reyO. KephartandAmyR. Greenwald...208 OptimizedalgorithmforlearningBayesiannetworkfromdata F'ediaKhalfallahandKhaledMellouli...221 Mergingwithintegrityconstraints S'ebastienKoniecznyandRam'onPinoP'erez...233 Boolean-likeinterpretationofSugenointegral IvanKramosil...245 AnalternativetooutwardpropagationforDempster-Shaferbelieffunctions NorbertLehmannandRolfHaenni...256 Onbottom-uppre-processingtechniquesforautomateddefaultreasoning ThomasLinkeandTorstenSchaub...268 Probabilisitclogicprogrammingundermaximumentropy ThomasLukasiewiczandGabrieleKern-Isberner...279 Lazypropagationandindependenceofcausalin?uence AndersL. MadsenandBruceD'Ambrosio...293 TableofContents IX AMonteCarloalgorithmforcombiningDempster-Shaferbeliefbasedon approximatepre-computation Seraf'?nMoralandAntonioSalmer'on...305 Anextensionofalinguisticnegationmodelallowingustodenynuanced propertycombinations DanielPacholczyk...316 Argumentationandqualitativedecisionmaking SimonParsonsandShawGreen...328 Handling di?erent forms of uncertainty in regression analysis: A fuzzy belief structureapproach SimonPetit-RenaudandThierryDenoeux...340 State recognition in discrete dynamical systems using Petri nets and evidence theory Mich'eleRombaut,ImanJarkassandThierryDenoeux...352 Robotnavigationandmapbuildingwiththeeventcalculus MurrayShanahanandMarkWitkowski...362 Informationfusioninthecontextofstockindexprediction StefanSiekmann,J..orgGebhardtandRudolfKruse...363 Defeasiblegoals LeendertvanderTorre...374 Logicaldeductionusingthelocalcomputationframework NicWilsonandJ'eromeMengin...386 AuthorIndex...397 OntheDynamicsofDefaultReasoning Grigoris Antoniou Gri?thUniversity,QLD4111,Australia UniversityofMacedonia,Thessaloniki,Greece ga@cit.gu. edu. au Abstract. Defaultlogicisaprominentrigorousmethodforreasoning withincompleteinformationbasedonassumptions. Itisastaticreas- ingapproach,inthesensethatitdoesn'treasonaboutchangesandtheir consequences. Ontheotherhand,itsnonmonotonicbehaviourappears whenchangestoadefaulttheoryaremade.

Uncertaintyisanincreasinglyimportantresearchtopicinmanyareasofc- puterscience. Manyformalismsarebeingdeveloped,withmuchinterestatthe theoryleveldirectedatdevelopingabetterunderstandingoftheformalismsand identifyingrelationshipsbetweenformalisms,andatthetechnologyleveldirected atdevelopingsoftwaretoolsforformalismsandapplicationsofformalisms. ThemainEuropeanforumforthesubjectistheEuropeanConferenceon SymbolicandQuantitativeApproachestoReasoningandUncertainty(EC- SQARU). FollowingthesuccessofthepreviousECSQARUconferences,heldin Marseilles(1991),Granada(1993),Fribourg(1995),andBonn(1997),the?fth conferenceintheserieswasheldatUniversityCollegeLondoninJuly1999. ThisvolumecontainspapersacceptedforpresentationatECSQARU'99. In additiontothemainconference,twoworkshopswereheld. The?rstwason DecisionTheoreticandGameTheoreticAgents,chairedbySimonParsonsand MikeWooldridge,andthesecondwasonLogicalandUncertaintyModelsfor InformationSystems,chairedbyFabioCrestaniandMouniaLalmas. Selected papersfromtheworkshopsarealsoincludedintheseproceedings. Weareindebitedtotheprogrammmecommitteefortheire?ortinorganising theprogramme,totheinvitedspeakers,andtothepresentersofthetutorials.Furthermore,wegratefullyacknowledgethecontributionofthemanyreferees whowereinvolvedinthereviewingprocess. Finallywewouldliketothankthe DepartmentofComputerScienceatUniversityCollegeLondonforadminist- tivesupport. ProgrammeCommittee TheprogrammecommitteewaschairedbyAnthonyHunter(UniversityCollege London),andcomprisedDovGabbay(King'sCollegeLondon),FinnJensen (AalborgUniversity),RudolfKruse(UniversityofMagdeburg),SimonParsons (QueenMary,UniversityofLondon)HenriPrade(IRIT,Toulouse),Torsten Schaub(UniversityofPotsdam),andPhilippeSmets(ULB,Bruxelles). Reviewers Theprogrammecommitteeisverygratefulforallthehardworkcontributed bythereviewers. Hopefully,wehavenotmissedanyonefromthefollowing list:BruceD'Ambrosio,FlorenceBannay,SalemBenferhat,PhilippeBesnard, HuguesBersini,ChristianBorgelt,RachelBourne,StefanBrass,LaurenceCholvy, RogerCooke,AdnanDarwiche,YannisDimopoulos,JurgenDix,DidierDubois, UweEgly,LindavanderGaag,JoergGebhardt,SiegfriedGottwald,RolfHaenni, Jean-YvesJa?ray,RadimJirousek,RuthKempson,U?eKjaerulf,FrankK- wonn,AljoschaKlose,JuergKohlas,PaulKrause,GerhardLakemeyer,Mounia Lalmas,JeromeLang,KimG. Larsen,NorbertLehmann,T. Y. Lin,Thomas Linke,KhalidMellouli,JeromeMengin,J. -J. Ch.Meyer,SanjayModgil,Yves Moinard,Sera?nMoral,DetlefNauck,AnnNicholson,PascalNicolas,Dennis VI Preface Nilsson,KristianG. Olesen,RainerPalm,ZdzislawPawlak,VincentRisch,Regis Sabbadin,CamillaSchwind,PrakashP. Shenoy,MilanStudeny,HeikoTimm, HansTompits,MarcoValtorta,andCeesWitteven. April1999 AnthonyHunterandSimonParsons TableofContents Onthedynamicsofdefaultreasoning GrigorisAntoniou...1 Non-monotonicandparaconsistentreasoning:Frombasicentailmentsto plausiblerelations OferArieliandArnonAvron ...11 AcomparisonofsystematicandlocalsearchalgorithmsforregularCNF formulas Ram'onB'ejarandFelipMany'a...22 Query-answeringinprioritizeddefaultlogic FaridBenhammadi,PascalNicolasandTorstenSchaub...32 Updatingdirectedbeliefnetworks BoutheinaBenYaghlaneandKhaledMellouli...43 Inferringcausalexplanations PhilippeBesnardandMarie-OdileCordier...55 Acritiqueofinductivecausation ChristianBorgeltandRudolfKruse...68 Connectinglexicographicwithmaximumentropyentailment RachelA. BourneandSimonParsons...80 Avoidingnon-groundvariables StefanBruning .. andTorstenSchaub...92 Anchoringsymbolstovisiondatabyfuzzylogic SilviaCoradeschiandAlessandroSa?otti...104 Filteringvsrevisionandupdate:Letusdebate!CorineCossartandCatherineTessier...116 Irrelevanceandindependenceaxiomsinquasi-Bayesiantheory FabioG. Cozman...128 Assessingthevalueofacandidate:Aqualitativepossibilisticapproach DidierDubois,MichelGrabischandHenriPrade...137 VIII TableofContents Learningdefaulttheories B'eatriceDuvalandPascalNicolas...148 Knowledgerepresentationforinductivelearning PeterA. Flach...160 Handling inconsistency e?ciently in the incremental construction of strati?ed beliefbases EricGr'egoire...168 Roughknowledgediscoveryandapplications J. W. GuanandD. A. Bell...179 GradientdescenttrainingofBayesiannetworks FinnV. Jensen...190 Opendefaulttheoriesovercloseddomains:Anextendedabstract MichaelKaminski...201 Shopboteconomics Je?reyO. KephartandAmyR. Greenwald...208 OptimizedalgorithmforlearningBayesiannetworkfromdata F'ediaKhalfallahandKhaledMellouli...221 Mergingwithintegrityconstraints S'ebastienKoniecznyandRam'onPinoP'erez...233 Boolean-likeinterpretationofSugenointegral IvanKramosil...245 AnalternativetooutwardpropagationforDempster-Shaferbelieffunctions NorbertLehmannandRolfHaenni...256 Onbottom-uppre-processingtechniquesforautomateddefaultreasoning ThomasLinkeandTorstenSchaub...268 Probabilisitclogicprogrammingundermaximumentropy ThomasLukasiewiczandGabrieleKern-Isberner...279 Lazypropagationandindependenceofcausalin?uence AndersL. MadsenandBruceD'Ambrosio...293 TableofContents IX AMonteCarloalgorithmforcombiningDempster-Shaferbeliefbasedon approximatepre-computation Seraf'?nMoralandAntonioSalmer'on...305 Anextensionofalinguisticnegationmodelallowingustodenynuanced propertycombinations DanielPacholczyk...316 Argumentationandqualitativedecisionmaking SimonParsonsandShawGreen...328 Handling di?erent forms of uncertainty in regression analysis: A fuzzy belief structureapproach SimonPetit-RenaudandThierryDenoeux...340 State recognition in discrete dynamical systems using Petri nets and evidence theory Mich'eleRombaut,ImanJarkassandThierryDenoeux...352 Robotnavigationandmapbuildingwiththeeventcalculus MurrayShanahanandMarkWitkowski...362 Informationfusioninthecontextofstockindexprediction StefanSiekmann,J..orgGebhardtandRudolfKruse...363 Defeasiblegoals LeendertvanderTorre...374 Logicaldeductionusingthelocalcomputationframework NicWilsonandJ'eromeMengin...386 AuthorIndex...397 OntheDynamicsofDefaultReasoning Grigoris Antoniou Gri?thUniversity,QLD4111,Australia UniversityofMacedonia,Thessaloniki,Greece ga@cit.gu. edu. au Abstract. Defaultlogicisaprominentrigorousmethodforreasoning withincompleteinformationbasedonassumptions. Itisastaticreas- ingapproach,inthesensethatitdoesn'treasonaboutchangesandtheir consequences. Ontheotherhand,itsnonmonotonicbehaviourappears whenchangestoadefaulttheoryaremade.