Rudolf Muhr is the founder and director of the Austrian German Research Center and a member of the Center for Plurilingualism at Graz University. He worked in the fields of linguistics and German as a foreign or second language. The focus of his research and his teaching activities is on sociolinguistics and pragmatics.

• Contents: John Hajek: Homage to Michael Clyne: linguist, colleague and advocate – Rudolf Muhr: Linguistic dominance and non-dominance in pluricentric languages. A typology – Catrin Norby/Camilla Wide/Jan Lindström/Jenny Nilsson: Finland Swedish as a non-dominant variety of Swedish - extending the scope to pragmatic and interactional aspects – Carla Amorós/Carmen Fernández/Natividad Hernández/Emilio Prieto: Difficulties in defining the standard Spanish lexicon – Nils Langer: Finding non-dominant languages in the nineteenth century - problems and potentials from historical sociolinguistics – Chiara Messina: Researching a Language for Special Purposes within a Non-Dominant Variety: Problematic Issues and possible Ways Out. An Overview based on the Example of Austrian German – Heinz L. Kretzenbacher: The emancipation of Strine: Australian English as an established post-colonial national standard of English – Johan De Caluwe: Dutch as a bi-centric language: a lexicographic (r)evolution – John Hajek: (Non-)dominant varieties of a (non-) pluricentric language? Italian in Italian and Switzerland – Marilena Karyolemou: Cypriot Greek as a non-dominant veriety of Greek – Jasmine Dum-Tragut: Amen teł hay kay. 20 years later - Pluricentric Armenian and its changed dominance hierarchy – Salvatore del Gaudio: The Russian Language in Ukraine: some unsettled questions about its status as a ‘national’ variety – Curt Woolhiser: «Belarusian Russian»: Sociolinguistic Status and Discursive Representations – Domergue Sumien: Occitan: harmonizing non-dominant standards throughout four states – Josep-Àngel Mas: Catalan as a pluricentric language: the Valencian case – Esther Nuñez Villanueva: The role of the media in standardising a regional variety: the case of Canal Sur and Seville Spanish in the pluricentric debate – Maria Eugenia L. Durate: When speech and writing are too far apart. Non-dominant features of Brazilian Portuguese becoming dominant – Aline Bazenga: Variation in subject-verb agreement in an insular variety of European Portuguese – Ana Raquel Simões/Sara Sousa: Language teachers’ practices, representations and knowledge on intralinguistic diversity: a case study in Portugal – Dawn Marley: Competing varieties of French and Arabic in Morocco – Abderrazaq Msellek: Sociolinguistic Aspects of Moroccan Arabic – Munirah Alajlan: Dominant and Non-Dominant Varieties in the Gulf: Social Class or Region? – Zeinab Ibrahim: Egyptian Revolution 2011 Slogans: Intuitive Language Choices between Dominant and Non-Dominant Varieties of Arabic – Simone Ashby: Co-producers of this means of expression’: Evidence from Mozambique in support of the study of indigenizing languages – Aditi Ghosh: Bhojpuri as a non-dominant variety of Hindi – Adrian Tien: Chinese Hokkien and its lexicon in Singapore: evidence for an indigenised Singapore culture – Jidda Hassan Jumma’a: Nigerian English: Linguistic, sociolinguistic and conversational characteristics in the framework of dominance/non-dominance – Kelen Ernesta Fonyuy: Attitudes toward less Dominant Accents of Cameroon English.

Rudolf Muhr is the founder and director of the Austrian German Research Center and a member of the Center for Plurilingualism at Graz University. He worked in the fields of linguistics and German as a foreign or second language. The focus of his research and his teaching activities is on sociolinguistics and pragmatics.

• Contents: John Hajek: Homage to Michael Clyne: linguist, colleague and advocate – Rudolf Muhr: Linguistic dominance and non-dominance in pluricentric languages. A typology – Catrin Norby/Camilla Wide/Jan Lindström/Jenny Nilsson: Finland Swedish as a non-dominant variety of Swedish - extending the scope to pragmatic and interactional aspects – Carla Amorós/Carmen Fernández/Natividad Hernández/Emilio Prieto: Difficulties in defining the standard Spanish lexicon – Nils Langer: Finding non-dominant languages in the nineteenth century - problems and potentials from historical sociolinguistics – Chiara Messina: Researching a Language for Special Purposes within a Non-Dominant Variety: Problematic Issues and possible Ways Out. An Overview based on the Example of Austrian German – Heinz L. Kretzenbacher: The emancipation of Strine: Australian English as an established post-colonial national standard of English – Johan De Caluwe: Dutch as a bi-centric language: a lexicographic (r)evolution – John Hajek: (Non-)dominant varieties of a (non-) pluricentric language? Italian in Italian and Switzerland – Marilena Karyolemou: Cypriot Greek as a non-dominant veriety of Greek – Jasmine Dum-Tragut: Amen teł hay kay. 20 years later - Pluricentric Armenian and its changed dominance hierarchy – Salvatore del Gaudio: The Russian Language in Ukraine: some unsettled questions about its status as a ‘national’ variety – Curt Woolhiser: «Belarusian Russian»: Sociolinguistic Status and Discursive Representations – Domergue Sumien: Occitan: harmonizing non-dominant standards throughout four states – Josep-Àngel Mas: Catalan as a pluricentric language: the Valencian case – Esther Nuñez Villanueva: The role of the media in standardising a regional variety: the case of Canal Sur and Seville Spanish in the pluricentric debate – Maria Eugenia L. Durate: When speech and writing are too far apart. Non-dominant features of Brazilian Portuguese becoming dominant – Aline Bazenga: Variation in subject-verb agreement in an insular variety of European Portuguese – Ana Raquel Simões/Sara Sousa: Language teachers’ practices, representations and knowledge on intralinguistic diversity: a case study in Portugal – Dawn Marley: Competing varieties of French and Arabic in Morocco – Abderrazaq Msellek: Sociolinguistic Aspects of Moroccan Arabic – Munirah Alajlan: Dominant and Non-Dominant Varieties in the Gulf: Social Class or Region? – Zeinab Ibrahim: Egyptian Revolution 2011 Slogans: Intuitive Language Choices between Dominant and Non-Dominant Varieties of Arabic – Simone Ashby: Co-producers of this means of expression’: Evidence from Mozambique in support of the study of indigenizing languages – Aditi Ghosh: Bhojpuri as a non-dominant variety of Hindi – Adrian Tien: Chinese Hokkien and its lexicon in Singapore: evidence for an indigenised Singapore culture – Jidda Hassan Jumma’a: Nigerian English: Linguistic, sociolinguistic and conversational characteristics in the framework of dominance/non-dominance – Kelen Ernesta Fonyuy: Attitudes toward less Dominant Accents of Cameroon English.

Rudolf Muhr is the founder and director of the Austrian German Research Center and a member of the Center for Plurilingualism at Graz University. He worked in the fields of linguistics and German as a foreign or second language. The focus of his research and his teaching activities is on sociolinguistics and pragmatics.

• Contents: John Hajek: Homage to Michael Clyne: linguist, colleague and advocate – Rudolf Muhr: Linguistic dominance and non-dominance in pluricentric languages. A typology – Catrin Norby/Camilla Wide/Jan Lindström/Jenny Nilsson: Finland Swedish as a non-dominant variety of Swedish - extending the scope to pragmatic and interactional aspects – Carla Amorós/Carmen Fernández/Natividad Hernández/Emilio Prieto: Difficulties in defining the standard Spanish lexicon – Nils Langer: Finding non-dominant languages in the nineteenth century - problems and potentials from historical sociolinguistics – Chiara Messina: Researching a Language for Special Purposes within a Non-Dominant Variety: Problematic Issues and possible Ways Out. An Overview based on the Example of Austrian German – Heinz L. Kretzenbacher: The emancipation of Strine: Australian English as an established post-colonial national standard of English – Johan De Caluwe: Dutch as a bi-centric language: a lexicographic (r)evolution – John Hajek: (Non-)dominant varieties of a (non-) pluricentric language? Italian in Italian and Switzerland – Marilena Karyolemou: Cypriot Greek as a non-dominant veriety of Greek – Jasmine Dum-Tragut: Amen teł hay kay. 20 years later - Pluricentric Armenian and its changed dominance hierarchy – Salvatore del Gaudio: The Russian Language in Ukraine: some unsettled questions about its status as a ‘national’ variety – Curt Woolhiser: «Belarusian Russian»: Sociolinguistic Status and Discursive Representations – Domergue Sumien: Occitan: harmonizing non-dominant standards throughout four states – Josep-Àngel Mas: Catalan as a pluricentric language: the Valencian case – Esther Nuñez Villanueva: The role of the media in standardising a regional variety: the case of Canal Sur and Seville Spanish in the pluricentric debate – Maria Eugenia L. Durate: When speech and writing are too far apart. Non-dominant features of Brazilian Portuguese becoming dominant – Aline Bazenga: Variation in subject-verb agreement in an insular variety of European Portuguese – Ana Raquel Simões/Sara Sousa: Language teachers’ practices, representations and knowledge on intralinguistic diversity: a case study in Portugal – Dawn Marley: Competing varieties of French and Arabic in Morocco – Abderrazaq Msellek: Sociolinguistic Aspects of Moroccan Arabic – Munirah Alajlan: Dominant and Non-Dominant Varieties in the Gulf: Social Class or Region? – Zeinab Ibrahim: Egyptian Revolution 2011 Slogans: Intuitive Language Choices between Dominant and Non-Dominant Varieties of Arabic – Simone Ashby: Co-producers of this means of expression’: Evidence from Mozambique in support of the study of indigenizing languages – Aditi Ghosh: Bhojpuri as a non-dominant variety of Hindi – Adrian Tien: Chinese Hokkien and its lexicon in Singapore: evidence for an indigenised Singapore culture – Jidda Hassan Jumma’a: Nigerian English: Linguistic, sociolinguistic and conversational characteristics in the framework of dominance/non-dominance – Kelen Ernesta Fonyuy: Attitudes toward less Dominant Accents of Cameroon English.