Joanna Gierowska-Kałłaur is professor in the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences and lecturer at the Centre of Eastern European Studies at the University of Warsaw, Poland. Her research primarily concerns the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, modern history, and 19th and 20th century empires.

• Józef Piłsudski – 1918-1920 – Polish-Soviet war – Polish Lithuanians – Belarusian leaders – German Ost-politik – Soviet west politics – federation – Polish supporters of the incorporation of the Vilnius region – Minsk region – Grodno region – Volhynian district – Kaunas Lithuania

Joanna Gierowska-Kałłaur is professor in the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences and lecturer at the Centre of Eastern European Studies at the University of Warsaw, Poland. Her research primarily concerns the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, modern history, and 19th and 20th century empires.

• Józef Piłsudski – 1918-1920 – Polish-Soviet war – Polish Lithuanians – Belarusian leaders – German Ost-politik – Soviet west politics – federation – Polish supporters of the incorporation of the Vilnius region – Minsk region – Grodno region – Volhynian district – Kaunas Lithuania

Joanna Gierowska-Kałłaur is professor in the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences and lecturer at the Centre of Eastern European Studies at the University of Warsaw, Poland. Her research primarily concerns the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, modern history, and 19th and 20th century empires.

• Józef Piłsudski – 1918-1920 – Polish-Soviet war – Polish Lithuanians – Belarusian leaders – German Ost-politik – Soviet west politics – federation – Polish supporters of the incorporation of the Vilnius region – Minsk region – Grodno region – Volhynian district – Kaunas Lithuania