The book offers a rare comparative look at how major powers harness the information domain: China’s algorithmic control, Russia’s reflexive strategies, and Pakistan’s institutionalised mechanisms. Each reveals how nations weaponise information in ways deeply tied to their political systems and ambitions. Accessible yet authoritative, this book serves as both a primer for newcomers to the subject and a reference for those already engaged. It addresses policymakers, professionals, scholars, and concerned citizens who seek to understand the rules of this new game—and the stakes involved.

The book offers a rare comparative look at how major powers harness the information domain: China’s algorithmic control, Russia’s reflexive strategies, and Pakistan’s institutionalised mechanisms. Each reveals how nations weaponise information in ways deeply tied to their political systems and ambitions. Accessible yet authoritative, this book serves as both a primer for newcomers to the subject and a reference for those already engaged. It addresses policymakers, professionals, scholars, and concerned citizens who seek to understand the rules of this new game—and the stakes involved.

The book offers a rare comparative look at how major powers harness the information domain: China’s algorithmic control, Russia’s reflexive strategies, and Pakistan’s institutionalised mechanisms. Each reveals how nations weaponise information in ways deeply tied to their political systems and ambitions. Accessible yet authoritative, this book serves as both a primer for newcomers to the subject and a reference for those already engaged. It addresses policymakers, professionals, scholars, and concerned citizens who seek to understand the rules of this new game—and the stakes involved.