Abraham van de Beek, PhD (1974) in the sciences at Utrecht University; PhD (1980) in theology at Leiden University, full professor of systematic theology in Leiden (1981-2000), in the Christian creeds at VU University Amsterdam (since 2000); Extraordinary Professor of Systemic Theology at Stellenbosch University; member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and Humanities.Eduardus Van der Borght, Ph.D. (2000) in theology, Leiden University, is Professor of Systematic Theology at VU University Amsterdam. He has published on theology of ministry, ecclesiology and faith, and ethnicity.Bernardus Petrus Vermeulen, Ph.D. (1989) in Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam, is Professor of Constitutional Law at VU University Amsterdam and member of the Council of State. He has published on human rights, constitutional law, and education law.

• IIntroduction ... 1A. van de Beek, E.A.J.G. Van der Borght, B.P. VermeulenPART ONETHE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPTThe Freedom of Religion in Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights: Historical Roots and Today’s Dilemma’s ... 9B.P. VermeulenAutonomous Communities as a Solution for Ethnic and Religious Freedom in Hungary and Transylvania: Historical and Systematic Reflections ... 31T. JuhászPART TWOCASE STUDIESSome Reflections on Religion and Multiculturalism in Romania: Towards a Reappraisal of the Grammar of Traditions ... 45S.E. RogobeteReligious Freedom and State Neutrality. Th e South African Experiment in Religious Rights ... 67N. Vorster‘Freedom of Religion’ in Indonesia—Some Th oughts from an International Perspective ... 89H. LemsPART THREETOPICSMarriage and Religious Freedom ... 109H. WarninkFreedom of Religion and Civil Law ... 121T.J. van der PloegContractual Religious Freedom ... 141R. TorfsPART FOURPERSPECTIVESCurrent Options for the Constitutional Implementation of Religious Freedom ... 155J.M. VorsterBeing Church and Freedom of Religion—the Function and Ambit of Religious Freedom ... 181P. CoertzenState, Church, and Civil Society. An Analysis of Two Recent Ecclesial Documents ... 195E.A.J.G. Van der BorghtTo Be Free, Religion Should Keep Herself Free ... 215A. van de BeekReligion and Violence ... 235P.B. CliteurChallenges and Dilemmas ... 251A. van de Beek, E.A.J.G. Van der Borght, B.P. VermeulenList of Contributors ... 261Index ... 265