Paul Hebinck (Ph.D.) in Social Sciences, University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands, Associate Professor Wageningen University in the Department of Social Sciences and Adjunct Professor University of Fort Hare. He has published largely on land and livelihoods in East and Southern Africa.Peter C. Lent (Ph.D.) in Zoology, University of Alberta, Canada, is retired from the U.S. Department of Interior and has been affiliated with the University of Fort Hare, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, for several years. He has published extensively on biology and resource management.

• List of tables List of figures List of mapsList of photos Acknowledgements Editor’s note 1 INVESTIGATING RURAL LIVELIHOODS AND LANDSCAPES IN GUQUKA AND KOLONI: AN INTRODUCTION Paul Hebinck2 RURAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE EASTERN CAPE Paul Hebinck and Wim van Averbeke3 AGRO-ECOLOGY, LAND USE AND SMALLHOLDER FARMING IN THE CENTRAL EASTERN CAPE Wim van Averbeke and James Bennett4 A SOCIAL HISTORY OF GUQUKA AND KOLONI: SETTLEMENT AND RESOURCES Paul Hebinck and Lothar Smith5 NATURAL RESOURCE BASE AND AGRICULTURAL POTENTIALS Peter C. Lent6 LOCAL GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS Wim van Averbeke and James Bennett7 THE VIEW FROM ABOVE: A HISTORY OF LAND USE IN GUQUKA AND KOLONI, 1938-1996 Peter C. Lent and Guilty Mupakati8 PRODUCTION OF CROPS IN ARABLE FIELDS AND HOME GARDENS Paul Hebinck and Nomakaya Monde9 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND FORAGE RESOURCES James Bennett and Peter C. Lent10 GATHERING FROM THE LAND Peter Lent11 MOBILITY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS Lothar Smith and Paul Hebinck12 CONTEMPORARY LIVELIHOODS Wim van Averbeke and Paul Hebinck13 LIFE HISTORIES AND LIVELIHOOD TRAJECTORIES Paul Hebinck, Wim van Averbeke, Nomakhaya Monde, Lothar Smith and James Bennett14 LIVELIHOODS AND LANDSCAPES: PEOPLE, RESOURCES AND LAND USE Paul Hebinck and Wim van AverbekeReferences List of contributors Index