Henry VIII and Francis I

David Potter has published extensively on the history of France and on Anglo-French relations in the sixteenth century, including War and Government in the French Provinces: Picardy 1470-1560 (1993), and, more recently, Foreign Intelligence and Information in Elizabethan England: Two English Treatises on the State of France, 1579-84 (2004/5) and Renaissance France at War: Armies, Culture and Society, c.1480-1560 (2008).

"David Potter’s magisterial study [...] chronicles the preparations, both military and diplomatic, and the conduct of the war in meticulous detail over more than 500 pages. [...] The range of sources deployed is deeply impressive [...]. The range of printed material is equally impressive; it is fair to say that scholarship of this depth and breadth is rarely seen in print nowadays. The publishers, Brill, are to be congratulated in supporting such a project and producing a handsome volume. This book [...] is of great service to students of Anglo-French relations and conflict, but it is also vital reading to all those seeking to understand the dynamic forces that shaped European states during the sixteenth century." – David Grummit, University of Kent, in: Renaissance Quarterly 65/4 (Winter 2012), pp. 1322-1234 [DOI: 10.1086/669445]"...Potter remedies the lack of scholarship on the last years of war between Henry VIII and Francis I with a meticulously researched study of the diplomatic, military, and economic aspects of the conflict..." – L. C. Attreed, College of the Holy Cross, in: Choice, February 2012

• CONTENTSList of Maps * ixList of Illustrations * xiAbbreviations * xiiiNotes * xvNote on Presentation * xvNote on Money * xvPreface * xviiMaps * xixIntroduction * 1Ι. ‘Whomever I join will (God willing) be the victor’: The Road to War * 33Henry and Francis: Perpetual Allies or Wary Opponents? * 33Henry, Francis and the German Princes * 48Pulling Back from the Brink (1541–1542) * 55‘To make the worlde newe again’: Henry and the Emperor * 66The French Rearguard Action for Peace with England * 79ΙΙ. ‘Dancing to the French Tune?:’ Scotland between England and France * 86Scotland and Henry VIII * 86The Anglo-Scottish War, 1542–1543 * 93French Intervention, 1543 * 100The English Invasion of 1544 * 107Scottish Revenge, French Intervention, 1545 * 111ΙΙΙ. England and the Wars in Flanders, 1542–1543 * 120Border Tensions * 121Watching from the Sidelines (June 1542–June 1543) * 124Open War: Border Conflict and Wallop’s March to Landrecies (June–December 1543) * 136IV. ‘Fighting over the Bear’s Skin’: The Invasion of France (1544) * 153The Anglo-Imperial Plan of Campaign * 153The French Attempt to Divide Their Enemies * 160A Strategy in Dispute * 166Invasion: Montreuil * 172Invasion: Boulogne * 184French Defence Strategy * 189The Fall of Boulogne and French Attempts at Recapture * 197V. An Unequal Contest? English Military Organisation, 1542–1547 * 205Command and Control * 209Recruitment and Organisation * 214The Flanders Campaign * 218By Land and Sea: The Expedition to Scotland, 1544 * 220The Army Royal in France, 1544 * 223Armies for the Defence of Boulogne, 1545–1546 * 235Supply, Provisioning and Transport * 236Paying for War * 243The Panoply of War * 257VI. The War in France, 1545–1546 * 266The Renewal of War around Boulogne, 1545 * 266Military Confrontation in France * 272Final Phase: Surrey and Hertford Face du Biez * 286Digging In: French and English Fortifications around Boulogne * 294VII. France and England Compete for Troops: The Mercenary Market, 1543–1546 * 305France and the Mercenary Market * 307The Landenberg Fiasco: Henry VIII’s Quest for Mercenaries, 1544 * 310The Anglo-French Duel in Germany, 1545 * 316Changing Terms of Trade: 1546 * 336VIII. The Admirals’ War * 347The French War Effort at Sea * 347The Navy of Henry VIII * 362The Campaign in the English Channel, 1545 * 375IX. ‘To entreate with the sworde in hand:’ Imperial and Protestant Mediation (1544–1546) * 391England, France and the Emperor, 1544–1545 * 391The German Protestants as Mediators * 399Charles V as Mediator Again, Autumn 1545 * 402Protestant Mediation at Calais, Autumn 1545 * 410X. The Admirals’ Peace: The Treaty of Ardres-Guines (June 1546) * 427The Need for Peace * 428A Mediator from Venice * 432Preparations * 438Haggling over Terms * 442‘He never brake in his hert nor never will’: The Renewal of Amity * 456Conclusion The End of Two Reigns * 462Appendices1. The Battle (1544) * 4852. Planning for Wallop’s army, 1543 * 4863. The Fleet for Scotland, 1544 * 4884. The Rearguard, 1544 * 4945. The Retinue of Thomas Cawarden (1 August–15 September 1544) * 4986. Coat and Conduct Money for the Army,July–August 1545 * 5007. Hertford’s Army, January 1546 * 5038. Expenses of French and Scottish wars, 1542–1550: ‘A Brief declaration wherein are conteyned the greate and notable chardges of warres’ * 5079. Estimates for the Cost of the War for Three Months from the Time of Henry VIII’s Departure from Calais, 1544 (By Richard Rich as Treasurer of the Wars) * 51410. Expenses of the Rearguard, 4 May 1544–5 November 1544 * 51611. The English Garrison at Boulogne * 51812. Sir Hugh Paulet’s Account as Treasurer of Boulonnais, 13 September 1544–27 August 1546 * 51913. France, Summary State Budgets 1515–1549 * 52014. Annebault’s Embassy in August 1546 * 52215. French Military Resources in Royal Propaganda: 1542 * 524Bibliography * 527Index * 545