Randi Bjørshol Wærdahl, Ph.D. (2006) in medieval history, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, is Post-doctoral Fellow at Norwegian University of Science and Technology. She has published articles on Scandinavian historiography, friendship, and aristocratic women’s social networks.

• Acknowledgements ... ixNotes on the Use of Names ... xiAbbreviations ... xiiiMaps ... xvIntroduction ... 1Theme ... 1The Norwegian medieval state ... 3Norway and the tributary lands in the perspective of national history ... 6Alternative perspectives ... 14Approach and plan of study ... 18The source material ... 24PART ONE: INCORPORATIONChapter One In the Norwegian Kings’ Sphere оf Interest ... 31The Norse world ... 32The Norwegian kings’ policy in the south-west ... 40Conclusion ... 63Chapter Two The Norwegian King’s Tributary Lands ... 69The designation “tributary land” ... 69King and earl, 1195–1267 ... 71Icelandic chieftains and the establishment of royal lordship ... 89Direct lordship over the Faroes ... 112Conclusion ... 114PART TWO: INTEGRATIONChapter Three Judicial Unity or Diversity? ... 119King Magnus’s legislative project and the tributary lands ... 119Legislative authority ... 128Special legislation ... 131Conclusion ... 138Chapter Four The Establishment of the King’sAdministrative Apparatus ... 143The shrieval organization ... 143Lawmen and lawthing ... 149Other royal representatives in the administrative apparatus ... 157Conclusion ... 158Chapter Five Change and Continuity, 1270–1319 ... 159The Faroes ... 159Orkney ... 160Shetland ... 168Iceland ... 176Conclusion ... 203Chapter Six The Norwegian Realm and the Personal Union with Sweden, 1320–1350 ... 207Orkney ... 207Iceland ... 210Conclusion ... 227Chapter Seven On the Periphery of the Kingdom, 1351–1397 ... 229Orkney ... 231Shetland ... 245The Faroes ... 248Iceland ... 250Conclusion ... 269Conclusion To Serve a King, as all Other Lands in the World ... 273Incorporation ... 273Integration ... 283The tributary lands and the Norwegian medieval state ... 289APPENDICESNorwegian Kings and Regents c. 880–1442 ... 293Earls of Orkney and Caithness ... 294Royal Officials in Iceland, c. 1273–1397 ... 296Bibliography ... 303Primary sources ... 303Reference works ... 305Secondary literature ... 305Index ... 317

Randi Bjørshol Wærdahl, Ph.D. (2006) in medieval history, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, is Post-doctoral Fellow at Norwegian University of Science and Technology. She has published articles on Scandinavian historiography, friendship, and aristocratic women’s social networks.

• Acknowledgements ... ixNotes on the Use of Names ... xiAbbreviations ... xiiiMaps ... xvIntroduction ... 1Theme ... 1The Norwegian medieval state ... 3Norway and the tributary lands in the perspective of national history ... 6Alternative perspectives ... 14Approach and plan of study ... 18The source material ... 24PART ONE: INCORPORATIONChapter One In the Norwegian Kings’ Sphere оf Interest ... 31The Norse world ... 32The Norwegian kings’ policy in the south-west ... 40Conclusion ... 63Chapter Two The Norwegian King’s Tributary Lands ... 69The designation “tributary land” ... 69King and earl, 1195–1267 ... 71Icelandic chieftains and the establishment of royal lordship ... 89Direct lordship over the Faroes ... 112Conclusion ... 114PART TWO: INTEGRATIONChapter Three Judicial Unity or Diversity? ... 119King Magnus’s legislative project and the tributary lands ... 119Legislative authority ... 128Special legislation ... 131Conclusion ... 138Chapter Four The Establishment of the King’sAdministrative Apparatus ... 143The shrieval organization ... 143Lawmen and lawthing ... 149Other royal representatives in the administrative apparatus ... 157Conclusion ... 158Chapter Five Change and Continuity, 1270–1319 ... 159The Faroes ... 159Orkney ... 160Shetland ... 168Iceland ... 176Conclusion ... 203Chapter Six The Norwegian Realm and the Personal Union with Sweden, 1320–1350 ... 207Orkney ... 207Iceland ... 210Conclusion ... 227Chapter Seven On the Periphery of the Kingdom, 1351–1397 ... 229Orkney ... 231Shetland ... 245The Faroes ... 248Iceland ... 250Conclusion ... 269Conclusion To Serve a King, as all Other Lands in the World ... 273Incorporation ... 273Integration ... 283The tributary lands and the Norwegian medieval state ... 289APPENDICESNorwegian Kings and Regents c. 880–1442 ... 293Earls of Orkney and Caithness ... 294Royal Officials in Iceland, c. 1273–1397 ... 296Bibliography ... 303Primary sources ... 303Reference works ... 305Secondary literature ... 305Index ... 317

Randi Bjørshol Wærdahl, Ph.D. (2006) in medieval history, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, is Post-doctoral Fellow at Norwegian University of Science and Technology. She has published articles on Scandinavian historiography, friendship, and aristocratic women’s social networks.

• Acknowledgements ... ixNotes on the Use of Names ... xiAbbreviations ... xiiiMaps ... xvIntroduction ... 1Theme ... 1The Norwegian medieval state ... 3Norway and the tributary lands in the perspective of national history ... 6Alternative perspectives ... 14Approach and plan of study ... 18The source material ... 24PART ONE: INCORPORATIONChapter One In the Norwegian Kings’ Sphere оf Interest ... 31The Norse world ... 32The Norwegian kings’ policy in the south-west ... 40Conclusion ... 63Chapter Two The Norwegian King’s Tributary Lands ... 69The designation “tributary land” ... 69King and earl, 1195–1267 ... 71Icelandic chieftains and the establishment of royal lordship ... 89Direct lordship over the Faroes ... 112Conclusion ... 114PART TWO: INTEGRATIONChapter Three Judicial Unity or Diversity? ... 119King Magnus’s legislative project and the tributary lands ... 119Legislative authority ... 128Special legislation ... 131Conclusion ... 138Chapter Four The Establishment of the King’sAdministrative Apparatus ... 143The shrieval organization ... 143Lawmen and lawthing ... 149Other royal representatives in the administrative apparatus ... 157Conclusion ... 158Chapter Five Change and Continuity, 1270–1319 ... 159The Faroes ... 159Orkney ... 160Shetland ... 168Iceland ... 176Conclusion ... 203Chapter Six The Norwegian Realm and the Personal Union with Sweden, 1320–1350 ... 207Orkney ... 207Iceland ... 210Conclusion ... 227Chapter Seven On the Periphery of the Kingdom, 1351–1397 ... 229Orkney ... 231Shetland ... 245The Faroes ... 248Iceland ... 250Conclusion ... 269Conclusion To Serve a King, as all Other Lands in the World ... 273Incorporation ... 273Integration ... 283The tributary lands and the Norwegian medieval state ... 289APPENDICESNorwegian Kings and Regents c. 880–1442 ... 293Earls of Orkney and Caithness ... 294Royal Officials in Iceland, c. 1273–1397 ... 296Bibliography ... 303Primary sources ... 303Reference works ... 305Secondary literature ... 305Index ... 317