Perception and the Internal Senses

Juhana Toivanen, DSocSc (2009), is a researcher at the University of Jyväskylä and a fellow at the Swedish Collegium of Advanced Studies. He has published several articles on Peter Olivi’s psychology and is currently working on medieval conceptions of human sociability.

• Preface ... xiAbbreviations ... xiiiIntroduction ... 1PART ONE: METAPHYSICS OF THE SOULIntroduction to Part One ... 21I Spiritual Nature of the Soul ... 251. Universal Hylomorphism ... 252. Spirituality and Simplicity ... 303. Human Soul as a Spiritual Entity ... 38II Soul’s Relation to the Body ... 431. Body as a Substantial Part of a Human Being ... 452. Plurality of Substantial Forms ... 483. Soul as the Form of the Body ... 624. Connection between the Soul and the Body ... 70III The Animal Soul ... 771. Simplicity of the Animal Soul ... 772. Essence of the Animal Soul ... 82IV Perceptual Powers of the Soul ... 911. Powers as Constitutive Parts of the Soul ... 912. The External Senses ... 973. The Common Sense ... 106PART TWO: THEORY OF PERCEPTIONIntroduction to Part Two ... 115V Criticism of Earlier Theories of Perception ... 1191. Passive Theories of Perception ... 1202. Augustine’s Active Theory ... 135VI Active Nature of Perception ... 1411. Activity of the Powers of the Soul ... 1412. Objects as Terminative Causes ... 1453. Intentional Directedness ... 151VII Attention and the Common Sense ... 1631. Necessity of Paying Attention ... 1642. Cognitive Centre of the Soul ... 1703. Degrees of Attention ... 179VIII Bodily Changes and Perception ... 1931. Perception as a Psychological Process ... 1952. Bodily Changes and colligantia potentiarum ... 2033. Functional Dualism in Perception ... 209PART THREE: INTERNAL SENSESIntroduction to Part Three ... 225IX Historical Background ... 231X Unity of the Internal Senses ... 2471. Criteria for Distinguishing the Internal Senses ... 2472. Interconnectedness and Experiential Unity ... 258XI The Common Sense ... 2671. Combining and Comparing the Proper Sensibles ... 2692. Perception of the Common Sensibles ... 2723. Second-Order Perception ... 2754. Bodily Self-Awareness and Reflexivity ... 281XII Imagination ... 2931. Imagination and Its Objects ... 2932. Imagination as a Function of the Common Sense ... 2963. Dreaming ... 3004. Compositive Imagination ... 303XIII Memory ... 3091. Retention of Memory Species ... 3102. Remembering Past Objects ... 3143. Recognising Familiar Objects ... 3174. Difference between Memory and Imagination ... 319XIV Estimation ... 3271. Estimative Dispositions of the Common Sense ... 3282. Estimative Perception ... 332XV Cogitative Power ... 341Conclusion ... 345Bibliography ... 353Index ... 367