Anne K. Bang, Ph.D. (2000) is a Senior Researcher at the Chr. Michelsen Institute in Bergen, Norway. She has published widely on the Islamic history of East Africa, including the monograph Sufis and Scholars of the Sea (Routledge, 2003).

'In fact, the volume is impressive. It impresses through its sheer quantity of facts, be that information concerning persons, or the detailed description of the written and oral sources (interviews) in the appendix. [...] ....a very well-investigated presentation loaded with an abundance of details, which by means of the index can serve as a kind of reference work for experts, but also as informative reading for anyone interested in the history of Islam in Africa.' - Angelika Brodersen, in: Entangled Religions, 2 (2015)

• Foreword and Acknowledgements List of Illustrations List of Figures Note on Transliteration, Quotes and Dates 1 Introduction The Ripple and the Reef: Perspectives and Objectives 2 The Luminescent Sun and Brilliant Rays of Light: Towards a Geography of Reform Towards a Geography of Reform: A Web of Centres The Ḥaramayn: The Blessed and the Radiant The Ḥaḍramawt: Home of the Luminescent, Encompassing Mid-Day Sun Zanzibar: The Brilliant Star of East Africa Lamu and the Riyadha Mosque The Comoro Islands: Moon Islands in a Sea of Sun Rays of Light and Hierarchies 3 The Branches of the Qādiriyya and the Shādhiliyya in Northern Mozambique: Silsilas to the SouthThe Ṭarīqa Qādiriyya in Zanzibar The Qādiriyya in Mozambique: Multiple Routes South Muḥammad Al-Maʿrūf and the Spread of the Shādhiliyya in Northern Mozambique The Emergence of Sufi Orders in Norhern Mozambique 4 The Shādhiliyya in Northern Madagascar c. 1890–1940: The Planting of a Garden and the Growing of Malagasy Roots Islam in Northern Madagascar Family, Religion and Trade on Madagascar: East African-Comorian Networks and the Shādhiliyya Aḥmad al-Kabīr: The Great Shaykh of the Ṭarīqa Shādhiliyya of Northern MadagascarReform and the Emergence of a Malagasy Sufi Order 5 The Cape Town Muslim Community and East African Sufi Networks: Beyond the MonsoonIslam in South Africa and Cape Town Muhammad Salih Hendricks: From Periphery to Centre to the Network Other Travellers – More Daʿwa 6 Travelling Texts: Arabic Literate Learning in Coastal East Africa, c. 1860–1930 Textual Transmission and Religious Authority Book Knowledge in the Age of Manuscripts: 1860s into the Twentieth Century From Manuscript to Print: Parallel or Converging Authorities? Manuscripts, Printed Books and Religious Authority 7 Ritual of Reform – Reform of a Ritual: Rātib al-Ḥaddād in the Southwestern Indian Ocean, c. 1880–1940 Rātib Al-Ḥaddād as Sufi Reform Rātib al-Ḥaddād in East and South Africa The Rātib in Writing: Textualization of Charisma The Rātib Performed: Reform of a Ritual? The Rātib al-Ḥaddād: New Reform of a Reformist Ritual? 8 Consolidating the Network: Waqf Distribution and New Organizations in Zanzibar, c. 1900–1930 Scholarly Networks and the Zanzibari “Meccan Waqfs”, c. 1880–1940 Waqf Distribution within Intellectual Networks: Consolidating Reform through Waqf Funds From Networks to Organizations: The Rise of the Jamʿiyya, c. 1900–1930 9 Conclusions On Ripples and Reefs: Agency in a Translocal World Sufi Reform on the Move The Ecumene that wasn’t – yet? Appendix 1 The Zanzibari “Meccan Waqfs” Contained in ZA-HD10 Sources and Bibliography Arabic Textual Material Arabic Manuscript Sources (Listed) Archival Sources Oral Sources/Interviews Bibliography Index