History and Theory of Legal Practice in China

Philip C.C. Huang taught at UCLA from 1966 to 2004, advancing to “Professor, Above-Scale” in 1991, and has taught at the Renmin University of China, in the Law School and the School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, since 2005. His major publications are his trilogy on rural China: The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China, 1985; The Peasant Family and Rural Development in the Yangzi Delta, 1350- 1988, 1990; and Beyond the Left-Right Divide: Searching for a Path of Rural Development in China from the History of Practice, in Chinese only, 2014; and his trilogy on Chinese civil justice: Civil Justice in China: Representation and Practice in the Qing, 1996; Code, Custom, and Legal Practice in China: The Qing and the Republic Compared, 2001; Chinese Civil Justice, Past and Present, 2010.Kathryn Bernhardt is Professor Emerita of History at the University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author of Rents, Taxes, and Peasant Resistance: The Lower Yangzi Region, 1840-1950 (Stanford University Press, 1992; awarded the 1992 John K. Fairbank prize of the American Historical Association) and Women and Property in China, 960-1949 (Stanford University Press, 1999) and co-editor (with Philip C. C. Huang) of Civil Law in Qing and Republican China (Stanford University Press, 1994). She has served as the coeditor of Modern China: An International Journal of History and Social Science from 1998 to the present.

"All contributors to the volume […] have done a great job of connecting their research to the proposed paradigm of historical-social jurisprudence in studying Chinese legal history. Their essays are highly welcome additions to the emerging field of empirical Chinese legal history. The volume offers a wealth of detailed case studies of the legal practices of the Qing, Republican and PRC eras from the Chinese perspective that will not only be of interest to scholars of Chinese legal history, but also to anyone concerned with the ongoing legal reform and transplantation process in contemporary China."Michael H.K. Ng, University of Hong Kong, Monumenta Serica: Journal of Oriental Studies, 64. 2, December 2016

• Author BiographiesSeries ForewordEditor’s IntroductionPhilip C. C. HuangPart One: Women and the Law1. A Ming-Qing Transition in Chinese Women’s History? The Perspective from LawKathryn BernhardtScholarship on Women in the Late Ming and QingThe Ming-Qing PresentThe PastThe FutureThe Perspective from LawBetrothalMarriageDivorcePropertyThe Peasantization of Law2. Women’s Choices under the Law: Marriage, Divorce, and Illicit Sex in the Qing and the RepublicPhilip C. C. HuangPart 1: The QingThe Legal Categories and Pertinent LawsQing ConstructionsVariant Concepts in Legal and Social PracticeWomen as VictimsThe Burdens of Passive AgencyPart 2: The RepublicWomen’s Agency in Guomindang LawWomen’s Agency in Practice3. Marriage, Law, and Revolution: Divorce Law Practice in the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border RegionLiu YangEvolution of Marriage LegislationDivorce Suits in the Context of RevolutionWomen in Divorce LitigationKangshuGongjiarenPeasant WomenPeasant Husbands in Divorce LitigationTiaobo and PeimiA Peasant Husband Battles to Save His MarriageConclusion4. 从事实别居到法律别居: 清代到民国时期夫妻别居的权利和义务 (From De Facto Separation to Legal Separation: Rights and Obligations in Husband-Wife Separations from the Qing to the Republic)李红英 (Hongying Li)一 问题的提出 二 从清代到民国：事实别居的权利和义务的变化 三 民国时期：法律别居的权利和义务的扩大和明确 四 别居现象与妇女权利的关系 （一） 生存理性与妇女权利 （二） 别居与离婚的利益比较（三） 事实别居与法律别居的比较结论5. Representation and Practice in “Privately Settling Illicit Sex Offenses,” with Attention to the “Third Realm” from the Late Imperial Period to the PresentFenghua JingResearch from Contemporary Case Records of “Privately Settling Illicit Sex Offenses”“Privately Settling Illicit Sex Offenses” in the Qing Code“Privately Settling Illicit Sex Offenses” in Qing Legal PracticePrivate Settlement before the State Was Aware of the MatterPrivate Settlement after the State Was Aware of the MatterChanges in the Modern Conception of Illicit Sex CrimesA Substantive Split in “Privately Settling Illicit Sex Offenses”Rape Cases and Public ProsecutionPrivate Settlement of Rape Cases under the Public Prosecution SystemPrivate Settlement in the Absence of ProsecutionWithdrawing a ComplaintRape and Complaint by the Victim HerselfPart Two: Custom, Mediation, and Law6. Between Informal Mediation and Formal Adjudication: The Third Realm of Qing Civil Justice Philip C. C. HuangThree Stages in a Qing LawsuitThe Initial StageThe Middle StageResolution in the Middle StageThe Final Stage: The Court SessionJustice in the Third RealmThe Court as Catalyst Prompting a SettlementThe Role of Court OpinionThe XiangbaoSources of Abuse in the Third RealmXiangbao Power and AbuseRunner Power and AbuseFormal, Informal, and Third-Realm JusticeState and Society Seen through the Judicial Process7. 近代中国“法律渊源”中的“习惯法” (“Customary Law” as the “Source of Law” in Modern China)余盛峰 (Shengfeng Yu)一 “习惯法”语词的创制：与诸国民法典的比较二 “风土人情、习俗土例”与“习惯法” 三 “习惯法”，抑或“亚欧礼教之殊”？ 四 继受法与固有法的冲突 五 民初大理院的司法实践：“习惯法”的成立要件 六 国民党时期习惯法理论的内在矛盾 七 结语：在古今中西之间8. 尸体危险的法外生成: 以当代中国的藉尸抗争事例为中心的分析 (Extralegal Origins of the Dangers of a Corpse: An Analysis of Case Examples of “Protesting with a Corpse” in Contemporary China)尤陈俊 (Chenjun You)一 从 “蔡发旺事件” 谈起 二 “事件的类型学”再思考：藉尸抗争行为的反法治性 （一） 1980年以来藉尸抗争事例的广泛分布 （二） 法外收场：事件类型学的另一面 三 尸体危险的生成机制/观念 （一） “图赖得利” 的社会记忆 （二） “丧葬” 礼仪的社会功能 （三） “非理死” 中的 “冤抑” 生成 四 尸体危险与法治框架下的国家权力强化Part Three: The System of “Turning Oneself In” in Criminal Justice9. The System of “Turning Oneself In” in Qing and Contemporary China: Some Reflections on Legal ModernismZhengyang JiangIndigenous Characteristics and ContinuityChanges in the SystemChanges in the Conception of Legal SubjectChanges in the Evaluation of MotiveChanges in Terms of to Whom One Could Turn Oneself InChanges in the Outcome of Turning Oneself InReflections on ModernismRational FormalismInstrumental RationalityIndividualismPart Four: Administration and Law10. Centralized-Minimalist Government: The Lake Weishan Issue and the Chinese Mediatory System of GovernmentLei TianThe Lake Weishan Issue: BackgroundHow the Policy of the Central Government Was ThwartedA Working Group is Sent to the Lake AreaThe Inter-Ministerial Report and Its PlanThe Xuzhou MeetingA ReviewHow the Central Government Worked Out a DecisionCui Naifu’s Little Solution PlanWherever There’s Trouble, Give It to ShandongThe Central Government Drops the GavelWhy THREE Documents?Centralized-Minimalist GovernmentThe Structure of Centralized AuthorityThe Daily Model of Minimalist GovernancePart Five: International Law11. Sovereignty and “Civilization”: International Law and East Asia in the Nineteenth Century Junnan Lai“International Society” in Nineteenth-Century International Law“Civilization”PositivismDifferent Responses of China and JapanChina: “The Just Law of All Nations”Japan: Bunmei kaikaThe First Sino-Japanese War: “Civilization” and “Barbarism”Japan: A Warpath toward “Civilization”Japan: A Big ShowChina: A Feeble VoiceThe West: Evaluating StudentsJapan: Earning a High ScoreChina: Flunking OutConclusionPart Six: Theoretical Explorations12. 以实践逻辑再阐释象征资本—基于象征资本的多重面向与运用 (Using the “Logic of Practice” to Explicate “Symbolic Capital” — Based on the Multiple Faces and Uses of Symbolic Capital)王海侠 (Haixia Wang)一 布迪厄的学术与政治 二 象征资本的概念梳理 （一） 象征资本的载体与依附性 （二） 象征资本的建构与转化 （三） 象征资本的双重获致与积累 三 象征资本在实践中的多重运用 （一） 内向性的正向作用 （二） 外向性的正向运用 （三） 否定性运用 四 象征资本解构之中有建设13. Reconstructing Max Weber’s “Sociology of Law”: The Power of Idealism and the Limits of Objectivity Junnan LaiReconstructing Concepts: “Form/Substance”The Categories of “Legal Thinking”“Substantive Rationality”The Power of Dualism: Form/Materie“The Anti-Formal Tendencies in Modern Legal Development”Reconstructing the Theses: Law and CapitalismWeber’s HypothesesWeber’s Anxiety and DecisionA Reconstruction of the Relation between Law, Capitalism, and “Rationality”Conclusion