China's Public Diplomacy

Ingrid d'Hooghe, Ph.D, is a senior research associate at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael'. She has published widely in the field of China's foreign policy and diplomacy.

• Introduction The Case of China’s Public Diplomacy The Design of the Study: Questions and Assumptions The Selection of Case Studies Overview of the ChaptersChapter 1How to Understand Public Diplomacy: An Analytical Framework The Concept of Public Diplomacy The Challenges of Public Diplomacy 2.0Public Diplomacy and Soft Power Public Diplomacy and PropagandaSubsets of Public Diplomacy The Domestic Dimension and the Role of Diasporas The Analytical FrameworkDimension I: Actors and Decision-makingDimension II: Public Diplomacy ContentDimension III: Public Diplomacy Instruments The Impact of a Country’s Political System The Impact of Culture on Public Diplomacy Conclusion Chapter 2Assets and Liabilities for China’s Public Diplomacy The Importance of CultureChina’s Authoritarian SystemMedia and Social Media CensorshipHuman Rights and TibetThe Lack of Cultural FreedomChina’s Economic Rise The China Model China’s Environmental ChallengesThe Copenhagen SummitChina’s Foreign Policy and DiplomacyThe Concepts of Harmonious World and Chinese DreamChina’s Military Rise and Cyber-SecurityChinese TouristsConclusionsChapter 3The Chinese Debate on Public Diplomacy The Introduction of Soft Power and Public Diplomacy in China The Chinese Understanding of Public Diplomacy Defining Public Diplomacy New Public Diplomacy and Public Diplomacy 2.0Public Diplomacy and PropagandaSoft PowerCultural and People’s DiplomacyThe Domestic DimensionSources of Soft PowerChinese Culture as a Source of Soft PowerThe China Model as a Source of Soft PowerThe Impact of Culture on Public DiplomacyChallenges and ConstraintsConclusionsChapter 4China’s Public Diplomacy SystemThe Growing Diversity of ActorsNational State Actors The State Council Information Office The Ministry of Foreign AffairsChinese Embassies and Missions AbroadThe Ministry of National Defense and the PLAOther Ministries China’s LeadersThe Chinese Communist PartyThe Chinese People’s Political Consultative ConferenceSubnational State ActorsNon-State Actors People’s Diplomacy OrganizationsIntellectual Elites and Academic InstitutionsVolunteers and CelebritiesCompaniesOverseas ChineseConsequences of the Diversification of ActorsPublic Diplomacy InstrumentsThe MediaThe New MediaForeign Media Cultural Institutes and ActivitiesEducational Institutes and ActivitiesConfucius Institutes Foreign AidChina’s Public Diplomacy BudgetConclusionsChapter 5China’s Public Diplomacy Strategies: Asia and AfricaChina’s Public Diplomacy in Asia South and Southeast AsiaCentral AsiaNortheast Asia: Japan and South KoreaChina’s Public Diplomacy in AfricaAnalysis and ConclusionsChapter 6Proactive Public Diplomacy: Events The Beijing Olympic Games and the Shanghai World ExpoThe 2008 Beijing Olympic GamesWinning the Olympic BidOlympics’ Public DiplomacyCeremoniesEvaluation of the Event AnalysisThe 2010 Shanghai World Expo Winning the Expo BidWorld Expo Public DiplomacyEvaluation of the EventLessons LearnedAnalysisConclusionsChapter 7Reactive Public Diplomacy: CrisesThe SARS Epidemic, Product Scandals, and the Wenchuan EarthquakeThe 2003 SARS EpidemicThe Unfolding of the CrisisPublic Diplomacy Actions AnalysisLessons Learned Food and Toy Safety CrisesThe 2007 Pet Food and Toys’ ScandalsThe 2008 Contaminated Milk-Powder ScandalAnalysisThe 2008 Wenchuan EarthquakeThe Role of the Domestic MediaThe Role of the PLAAnalysisConclusionsChapter 8The Reception of China’s Public DiplomacyMeasuring the Effect of Public DiplomacyGlobal Views of China Interpreting Poll ResultsConclusionsConclusionThe Importance China Attaches to Public DiplomacyThe Impact of China’s Authoritarian Political SystemState-CenterednessMedia Control and CensorshipOther Impacts The Impact of Chinese Culture on Public DiplomacyA Strategic and Holistic Approach Evolution and Challenges Issues for Future Research