Mary Hollingsworth, Ph.D. (1981), University of East Anglia, is author of The Cardinal’s Hat: Money, Ambition and Housekeeping in a Renaissance Court (Profile, 2004) and Conclave 1559 (Thistle, 2013).Miles Pattenden, D.Phil. (2009), University of Oxford, is Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Religion and Critical Inquiry, Australian Catholic University. His publications include Electing the Pope in Early Modern Italy, 1450-1700 (Oxford University Press, 2017).Arnold Witte, Ph.D. (2004), University of Amsterdam, is Associate Professor at the University of Amsterdam and Head of Art History at the Royal Netherlands Institute in Rome, and specializes on patronage. He published The Artful Hermitage (L’Erma di Bretschneider, 2008).

“Any scholar who wishes to learn more about the early modern cardinalate and who seeks to contextualise its members within the early modern world should make use of this rich, accessible volume, whose editors should be commended.”Charles R. Keenan, University of Michigan. In: Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. 72, No. 3 (July 2021), pp. 656–658.“This impressive tome spans the period from 1420, when the papacy returned to Rome from Avignon and the duties of cardinals began to grow exponentially, to 1800, when the role of the cardinal significantly diminished to what it is now—primarily papal elector. Other recent publications have discussed cardinals in the Middle Ages and in the 19th and 20th centuries, but this is the first comprehensive treatment of the intervening centuries. The 35 international scholarly contributors examine the social background, positions, roles, and influence of cardinals on society, politics, and their respective fields. — Summing Up: Highly recommended.”Philip E. Blosser, Sacred Heart Major Seminary. In: CHOICE Connect, Vol. 58, No. 2 (October 2020).“The individual chapters are written in an accessible manner and are suitable for the target audience of these companions—namely, both students and scholars. In a couple of cases the available source material has been described and explained, which is particularly useful for those aspiring to pursue the study of primary-source material themselves. However, since the source material is situated within a wider thematic framework, these chapters are interesting for more seasoned scholars as well. […] The present volume is a worthwhile contribution to the existing scholarship on early modern cardinals and an ideal starting point for those who want to familiarize themselves with, or broaden their understanding of, this topic.”Jaap Geraerts, Leibniz Institute of European History. In: Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 75, No. 1 (Spring 2022), pp. 310–311.

• AcknowledgementsList of Figures and TablesNotes on Editors and ContributorsIntroductionMary Hollingsworth, Miles Pattenden and Arnold WittePart 1: The Concept and Function1 The Medieval Background to the Cardinal’s OfficeBarbara Bombi2 The College of CardinalsMiles Pattenden3 The Rituals of the Cardinalate: Creation and AbdicationJennifer Mara DeSilva4 Cardinals in ConclaveMary Hollingsworth5 The Cardinal NephewBirgit EmichPart 2: Cardinals and the Church6 Cardinals, Bishops, and CouncilsBernward Schmidt7 Cardinals and the InquisitionVincenzo Lavenia8  Cardinal Protectors of Religious InstitutionsArnold Witte9 Cardinals and the Apostolic PenitentiaryKirsi Salonen10 Cardinals and TheologyJean-Pascal GayPart 3: Cardinals and Secular Power11 Cardinal Legates and NunciosAlexander Koller12 Cardinal Protectors and National InterestsBertrand Marceau13 Cardinals as National PoliticiansJoseph Bergin14 Cardinals as Prince-BishopsBettina BraunPart 4: Property and Wealth15 The Social Background and Education of CardinalsMaria Antonietta Visceglia16 The Cardinal’s HouseholdMary Hollingsworth17 Cardinals’ Property and IncomeLucinda Byatt18 Cardinals’ Testaments: Piety and CharityFausto NicolaiPart 5: Cardinals and Rome19 Cardinals and the Government of the Papal StatesIrene Fosi20 Cardinals and the Vacant SeeJohn M. Hunt21 Cardinals and Their Titular ChurchesArnold Witte22 Cardinals’ Palaces: Architecture and DecorationPatricia WaddyPart 6: Cardinals and Mission23 Cardinals and the Non-Christian WorldMiles Pattenden24 Cardinals and the Greek and Eastern ChurchesCamille Rouxpetel25 Cardinals and the Creation of the Spanish AmericasLuis Martínez Ferrer26 Cardinals and the Congregation of the Propaganda FideGiovanni PizzorussoPart 7: Cardinals and Literature27 The Early Modern Historiography of Early Modern CardinalsMiles Pattenden and Arnold Witte28 Treatises on the Ideal CardinalDavid S. Chambers29 Life-Writing and the Saintly CardinalPamela M. Jones30 Cardinals and the Culture of Libraries and LearningMaria Pia DonatoPart 8: Cardinals and the Visual Arts31 Cardinals as Patrons of the Visual ArtsPiers Baker-Bates, Mary Hollingsworth and Arnold Witte32 The Cardinal’s WardrobeCarolM.Richardson33 Portraits of Early Modern CardinalsClare Robertson34 Cardinals’ TombsPhilipp Zitzlsperger35 Cardinals, Music, and TheatreFranco PipernoBibliographyIndex

Mary Hollingsworth, Ph.D. (1981), University of East Anglia, is author of The Cardinal’s Hat: Money, Ambition and Housekeeping in a Renaissance Court (Profile, 2004) and Conclave 1559 (Thistle, 2013).Miles Pattenden, D.Phil. (2009), University of Oxford, is Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Religion and Critical Inquiry, Australian Catholic University. His publications include Electing the Pope in Early Modern Italy, 1450-1700 (Oxford University Press, 2017).Arnold Witte, Ph.D. (2004), University of Amsterdam, is Associate Professor at the University of Amsterdam and Head of Art History at the Royal Netherlands Institute in Rome, and specializes on patronage. He published The Artful Hermitage (L’Erma di Bretschneider, 2008).

“Any scholar who wishes to learn more about the early modern cardinalate and who seeks to contextualise its members within the early modern world should make use of this rich, accessible volume, whose editors should be commended.”Charles R. Keenan, University of Michigan. In: Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. 72, No. 3 (July 2021), pp. 656–658.“This impressive tome spans the period from 1420, when the papacy returned to Rome from Avignon and the duties of cardinals began to grow exponentially, to 1800, when the role of the cardinal significantly diminished to what it is now—primarily papal elector. Other recent publications have discussed cardinals in the Middle Ages and in the 19th and 20th centuries, but this is the first comprehensive treatment of the intervening centuries. The 35 international scholarly contributors examine the social background, positions, roles, and influence of cardinals on society, politics, and their respective fields. — Summing Up: Highly recommended.”Philip E. Blosser, Sacred Heart Major Seminary. In: CHOICE Connect, Vol. 58, No. 2 (October 2020).“The individual chapters are written in an accessible manner and are suitable for the target audience of these companions—namely, both students and scholars. In a couple of cases the available source material has been described and explained, which is particularly useful for those aspiring to pursue the study of primary-source material themselves. However, since the source material is situated within a wider thematic framework, these chapters are interesting for more seasoned scholars as well. […] The present volume is a worthwhile contribution to the existing scholarship on early modern cardinals and an ideal starting point for those who want to familiarize themselves with, or broaden their understanding of, this topic.”Jaap Geraerts, Leibniz Institute of European History. In: Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 75, No. 1 (Spring 2022), pp. 310–311.

• AcknowledgementsList of Figures and TablesNotes on Editors and ContributorsIntroductionMary Hollingsworth, Miles Pattenden and Arnold WittePart 1: The Concept and Function1 The Medieval Background to the Cardinal’s OfficeBarbara Bombi2 The College of CardinalsMiles Pattenden3 The Rituals of the Cardinalate: Creation and AbdicationJennifer Mara DeSilva4 Cardinals in ConclaveMary Hollingsworth5 The Cardinal NephewBirgit EmichPart 2: Cardinals and the Church6 Cardinals, Bishops, and CouncilsBernward Schmidt7 Cardinals and the InquisitionVincenzo Lavenia8  Cardinal Protectors of Religious InstitutionsArnold Witte9 Cardinals and the Apostolic PenitentiaryKirsi Salonen10 Cardinals and TheologyJean-Pascal GayPart 3: Cardinals and Secular Power11 Cardinal Legates and NunciosAlexander Koller12 Cardinal Protectors and National InterestsBertrand Marceau13 Cardinals as National PoliticiansJoseph Bergin14 Cardinals as Prince-BishopsBettina BraunPart 4: Property and Wealth15 The Social Background and Education of CardinalsMaria Antonietta Visceglia16 The Cardinal’s HouseholdMary Hollingsworth17 Cardinals’ Property and IncomeLucinda Byatt18 Cardinals’ Testaments: Piety and CharityFausto NicolaiPart 5: Cardinals and Rome19 Cardinals and the Government of the Papal StatesIrene Fosi20 Cardinals and the Vacant SeeJohn M. Hunt21 Cardinals and Their Titular ChurchesArnold Witte22 Cardinals’ Palaces: Architecture and DecorationPatricia WaddyPart 6: Cardinals and Mission23 Cardinals and the Non-Christian WorldMiles Pattenden24 Cardinals and the Greek and Eastern ChurchesCamille Rouxpetel25 Cardinals and the Creation of the Spanish AmericasLuis Martínez Ferrer26 Cardinals and the Congregation of the Propaganda FideGiovanni PizzorussoPart 7: Cardinals and Literature27 The Early Modern Historiography of Early Modern CardinalsMiles Pattenden and Arnold Witte28 Treatises on the Ideal CardinalDavid S. Chambers29 Life-Writing and the Saintly CardinalPamela M. Jones30 Cardinals and the Culture of Libraries and LearningMaria Pia DonatoPart 8: Cardinals and the Visual Arts31 Cardinals as Patrons of the Visual ArtsPiers Baker-Bates, Mary Hollingsworth and Arnold Witte32 The Cardinal’s WardrobeCarolM.Richardson33 Portraits of Early Modern CardinalsClare Robertson34 Cardinals’ TombsPhilipp Zitzlsperger35 Cardinals, Music, and TheatreFranco PipernoBibliographyIndex

Mary Hollingsworth, Ph.D. (1981), University of East Anglia, is author of The Cardinal’s Hat: Money, Ambition and Housekeeping in a Renaissance Court (Profile, 2004) and Conclave 1559 (Thistle, 2013).Miles Pattenden, D.Phil. (2009), University of Oxford, is Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Religion and Critical Inquiry, Australian Catholic University. His publications include Electing the Pope in Early Modern Italy, 1450-1700 (Oxford University Press, 2017).Arnold Witte, Ph.D. (2004), University of Amsterdam, is Associate Professor at the University of Amsterdam and Head of Art History at the Royal Netherlands Institute in Rome, and specializes on patronage. He published The Artful Hermitage (L’Erma di Bretschneider, 2008).

“Any scholar who wishes to learn more about the early modern cardinalate and who seeks to contextualise its members within the early modern world should make use of this rich, accessible volume, whose editors should be commended.”Charles R. Keenan, University of Michigan. In: Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. 72, No. 3 (July 2021), pp. 656–658.“This impressive tome spans the period from 1420, when the papacy returned to Rome from Avignon and the duties of cardinals began to grow exponentially, to 1800, when the role of the cardinal significantly diminished to what it is now—primarily papal elector. Other recent publications have discussed cardinals in the Middle Ages and in the 19th and 20th centuries, but this is the first comprehensive treatment of the intervening centuries. The 35 international scholarly contributors examine the social background, positions, roles, and influence of cardinals on society, politics, and their respective fields. — Summing Up: Highly recommended.”Philip E. Blosser, Sacred Heart Major Seminary. In: CHOICE Connect, Vol. 58, No. 2 (October 2020).“The individual chapters are written in an accessible manner and are suitable for the target audience of these companions—namely, both students and scholars. In a couple of cases the available source material has been described and explained, which is particularly useful for those aspiring to pursue the study of primary-source material themselves. However, since the source material is situated within a wider thematic framework, these chapters are interesting for more seasoned scholars as well. […] The present volume is a worthwhile contribution to the existing scholarship on early modern cardinals and an ideal starting point for those who want to familiarize themselves with, or broaden their understanding of, this topic.”Jaap Geraerts, Leibniz Institute of European History. In: Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 75, No. 1 (Spring 2022), pp. 310–311.

• AcknowledgementsList of Figures and TablesNotes on Editors and ContributorsIntroductionMary Hollingsworth, Miles Pattenden and Arnold WittePart 1: The Concept and Function1 The Medieval Background to the Cardinal’s OfficeBarbara Bombi2 The College of CardinalsMiles Pattenden3 The Rituals of the Cardinalate: Creation and AbdicationJennifer Mara DeSilva4 Cardinals in ConclaveMary Hollingsworth5 The Cardinal NephewBirgit EmichPart 2: Cardinals and the Church6 Cardinals, Bishops, and CouncilsBernward Schmidt7 Cardinals and the InquisitionVincenzo Lavenia8  Cardinal Protectors of Religious InstitutionsArnold Witte9 Cardinals and the Apostolic PenitentiaryKirsi Salonen10 Cardinals and TheologyJean-Pascal GayPart 3: Cardinals and Secular Power11 Cardinal Legates and NunciosAlexander Koller12 Cardinal Protectors and National InterestsBertrand Marceau13 Cardinals as National PoliticiansJoseph Bergin14 Cardinals as Prince-BishopsBettina BraunPart 4: Property and Wealth15 The Social Background and Education of CardinalsMaria Antonietta Visceglia16 The Cardinal’s HouseholdMary Hollingsworth17 Cardinals’ Property and IncomeLucinda Byatt18 Cardinals’ Testaments: Piety and CharityFausto NicolaiPart 5: Cardinals and Rome19 Cardinals and the Government of the Papal StatesIrene Fosi20 Cardinals and the Vacant SeeJohn M. Hunt21 Cardinals and Their Titular ChurchesArnold Witte22 Cardinals’ Palaces: Architecture and DecorationPatricia WaddyPart 6: Cardinals and Mission23 Cardinals and the Non-Christian WorldMiles Pattenden24 Cardinals and the Greek and Eastern ChurchesCamille Rouxpetel25 Cardinals and the Creation of the Spanish AmericasLuis Martínez Ferrer26 Cardinals and the Congregation of the Propaganda FideGiovanni PizzorussoPart 7: Cardinals and Literature27 The Early Modern Historiography of Early Modern CardinalsMiles Pattenden and Arnold Witte28 Treatises on the Ideal CardinalDavid S. Chambers29 Life-Writing and the Saintly CardinalPamela M. Jones30 Cardinals and the Culture of Libraries and LearningMaria Pia DonatoPart 8: Cardinals and the Visual Arts31 Cardinals as Patrons of the Visual ArtsPiers Baker-Bates, Mary Hollingsworth and Arnold Witte32 The Cardinal’s WardrobeCarolM.Richardson33 Portraits of Early Modern CardinalsClare Robertson34 Cardinals’ TombsPhilipp Zitzlsperger35 Cardinals, Music, and TheatreFranco PipernoBibliographyIndex