Josef van Ess, Emeritus Professor of Islamic Studies and Semitic Languages, University of Tübingen, Germany, has published widely on the History of the Islamic World; Islamic theology and philosophy, especially with respect to the formative period (8th-10th centuries) and the age of the Mongol conquests (13th-14th centuries); and Islamic mysticism. His most famous work is Theologie und Gesellschaft in 6 volumes (de Gruyter 1991-97), the first four volumes of which are now being published in English by Brill.Gwendolin Goldbloom (1969) has produced English translations of several books and a number of articles in the field of Islamic Studies, most of them originally published in German.

• ContentsPreface  xiipart c : The Unification of Islamic Thought and the Flowering of Theology (continued)4 Muʿtazilites during and after the miḥna  34.1 Basra until the Middle of the Third Century  34.2 Baghdad Muʿtazilites  635 Theologians on the Periphery of the Muʿtazila  1395.1 ‘Murjiʾites’  1405.2 Najjār and His Circle  1675.3 Ibāḍite Theologians  1956 The Argument over the Quran  2036.1 Ibn Kullāb  2046.2 Muḥāsibī  2216.3 Karābīsī and the Problem of the lafẓ al-Qurʾān  2387 The Expansion of the Muʿtazila during the Third Century  2587.1 Iraq and the Jazira  2597.2 The Arabian Peninsula  2617.3 Syria  2647.4 Armenia  2687.5 Iran  2717.6 India  2907.7 The Maghrib  2917.8 Summary  3118 The Crisis  3128.1 Baghdad Mysticism Goes its Own Way. Junayd and His Contemporaries  3138.2 The Self-Destruction of the Dialectical Method  325Part D: Summary of the History of the Subject MatterIntroduction. The Topics of Theology  3951 The Image of God  4071.1 God as the One  4071.2 Anthropomorphism  4161.3 Names and Attributes  4762 The Image of the Human  5352.1 Acting  5382.2 Body and Spirit  5723 Eschatology  6053.1 The Earthly and the Heavenly Paradise  6133.2 The Extent of the Reality of the Otherworld  6194 Faith  6274.1 Sin and Penitence  6454.2 The Prophet  6584.3 Epistemology  7165 Theology and Society  6735.1 Political Theory  7715.2 The Organisation of Teaching and Studying  7985.3 Environment and Intellectual Structure  814

Josef van Ess, Emeritus Professor of Islamic Studies and Semitic Languages, University of Tübingen, Germany, has published widely on the History of the Islamic World; Islamic theology and philosophy, especially with respect to the formative period (8th-10th centuries) and the age of the Mongol conquests (13th-14th centuries); and Islamic mysticism. His most famous work is Theologie und Gesellschaft in 6 volumes (de Gruyter 1991-97), the first four volumes of which are now being published in English by Brill.Gwendolin Goldbloom (1969) has produced English translations of several books and a number of articles in the field of Islamic Studies, most of them originally published in German.

• ContentsPreface  xiipart c : The Unification of Islamic Thought and the Flowering of Theology (continued)4 Muʿtazilites during and after the miḥna  34.1 Basra until the Middle of the Third Century  34.2 Baghdad Muʿtazilites  635 Theologians on the Periphery of the Muʿtazila  1395.1 ‘Murjiʾites’  1405.2 Najjār and His Circle  1675.3 Ibāḍite Theologians  1956 The Argument over the Quran  2036.1 Ibn Kullāb  2046.2 Muḥāsibī  2216.3 Karābīsī and the Problem of the lafẓ al-Qurʾān  2387 The Expansion of the Muʿtazila during the Third Century  2587.1 Iraq and the Jazira  2597.2 The Arabian Peninsula  2617.3 Syria  2647.4 Armenia  2687.5 Iran  2717.6 India  2907.7 The Maghrib  2917.8 Summary  3118 The Crisis  3128.1 Baghdad Mysticism Goes its Own Way. Junayd and His Contemporaries  3138.2 The Self-Destruction of the Dialectical Method  325Part D: Summary of the History of the Subject MatterIntroduction. The Topics of Theology  3951 The Image of God  4071.1 God as the One  4071.2 Anthropomorphism  4161.3 Names and Attributes  4762 The Image of the Human  5352.1 Acting  5382.2 Body and Spirit  5723 Eschatology  6053.1 The Earthly and the Heavenly Paradise  6133.2 The Extent of the Reality of the Otherworld  6194 Faith  6274.1 Sin and Penitence  6454.2 The Prophet  6584.3 Epistemology  7165 Theology and Society  6735.1 Political Theory  7715.2 The Organisation of Teaching and Studying  7985.3 Environment and Intellectual Structure  814