SHI Zhihong, gained his PhD from the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 1988. As the author of several monographs and many articles on China's agricultural and financial history, he is currently a Senior Researcher and Professor Emeritus of the Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

• ContentsList of Figures and TablesEmperors of the Qing DynastyChinese TermsWeights and Measures Used during the Qing DynastyMaps of China0 Introduction0.1 Origins of this Book0.2 Historical Data Used0.3 Research Approach0.4 Previous Studies1 Cultivated Land Area1.1 Why Official Qing Records are Not Accurate1.2 Actual Area of Land Cultivated during the Qing Dynasty2 Grain Production: Per Unit Yield and Total Output2.1 Average Yield of Grain Crops2.2 Total Output of Grain3 Grain Output Value3.1 Grain Price Data Used in this Study3.2 Value of Grain Output in Various Periods of the Qing Dynasty3.3 Production Cost and Value Added from Grain Production4 Non-Grain Output Values and Total Agricultural Value4.1 Cash-Crop Output Value4.2 Output Value of Non-Crop-Based Agricultural Production and Gross Added Values of Overall Agriculture in the Qing Dynasty5 Development and Underdevelopment of Agriculture in the Qing Dynasty5.1 The Zenith of Traditional Agriculture in China5.2 Limitations of Agricultural Development in the Qing DynastyAppendix A: PopulationAppendix B: Cultivated AreaAppendix C: Yield Per Unit AreaAppendix D: Agrarian Structure, Rural Actors and Their Interaction in the System of Agricultural Production During the Qing Dynasty: Land Ownership, Peasants, Landlords and the StateReferencesIndex

SHI Zhihong, gained his PhD from the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 1988. As the author of several monographs and many articles on China's agricultural and financial history, he is currently a Senior Researcher and Professor Emeritus of the Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

• ContentsList of Figures and TablesEmperors of the Qing DynastyChinese TermsWeights and Measures Used during the Qing DynastyMaps of China0 Introduction0.1 Origins of this Book0.2 Historical Data Used0.3 Research Approach0.4 Previous Studies1 Cultivated Land Area1.1 Why Official Qing Records are Not Accurate1.2 Actual Area of Land Cultivated during the Qing Dynasty2 Grain Production: Per Unit Yield and Total Output2.1 Average Yield of Grain Crops2.2 Total Output of Grain3 Grain Output Value3.1 Grain Price Data Used in this Study3.2 Value of Grain Output in Various Periods of the Qing Dynasty3.3 Production Cost and Value Added from Grain Production4 Non-Grain Output Values and Total Agricultural Value4.1 Cash-Crop Output Value4.2 Output Value of Non-Crop-Based Agricultural Production and Gross Added Values of Overall Agriculture in the Qing Dynasty5 Development and Underdevelopment of Agriculture in the Qing Dynasty5.1 The Zenith of Traditional Agriculture in China5.2 Limitations of Agricultural Development in the Qing DynastyAppendix A: PopulationAppendix B: Cultivated AreaAppendix C: Yield Per Unit AreaAppendix D: Agrarian Structure, Rural Actors and Their Interaction in the System of Agricultural Production During the Qing Dynasty: Land Ownership, Peasants, Landlords and the StateReferencesIndex

SHI Zhihong, gained his PhD from the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 1988. As the author of several monographs and many articles on China's agricultural and financial history, he is currently a Senior Researcher and Professor Emeritus of the Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

• ContentsList of Figures and TablesEmperors of the Qing DynastyChinese TermsWeights and Measures Used during the Qing DynastyMaps of China0 Introduction0.1 Origins of this Book0.2 Historical Data Used0.3 Research Approach0.4 Previous Studies1 Cultivated Land Area1.1 Why Official Qing Records are Not Accurate1.2 Actual Area of Land Cultivated during the Qing Dynasty2 Grain Production: Per Unit Yield and Total Output2.1 Average Yield of Grain Crops2.2 Total Output of Grain3 Grain Output Value3.1 Grain Price Data Used in this Study3.2 Value of Grain Output in Various Periods of the Qing Dynasty3.3 Production Cost and Value Added from Grain Production4 Non-Grain Output Values and Total Agricultural Value4.1 Cash-Crop Output Value4.2 Output Value of Non-Crop-Based Agricultural Production and Gross Added Values of Overall Agriculture in the Qing Dynasty5 Development and Underdevelopment of Agriculture in the Qing Dynasty5.1 The Zenith of Traditional Agriculture in China5.2 Limitations of Agricultural Development in the Qing DynastyAppendix A: PopulationAppendix B: Cultivated AreaAppendix C: Yield Per Unit AreaAppendix D: Agrarian Structure, Rural Actors and Their Interaction in the System of Agricultural Production During the Qing Dynasty: Land Ownership, Peasants, Landlords and the StateReferencesIndex