Pratik Chougule, J.D. (2014), Yale Law School, was a researcher at Boston College’s Center for International Higher Education while writing this book.

• PrefaceSeries Editors’ PrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1 American Universities and the Evolution of U.S. Middle East Policy1 American Universities in the Middle East before World War I2 American Inroads during the European Colonial Era3 World War II and the Rise of Cultural Relations4 Modernization Theory and Foreign Assistance5 Westernization and Islamist Backlash in Middle East Higher Education6 Democracy Promotion and Conflict-Based Reconstruction7 Fallout of the Arab Uprisings8 International Branch Campuses9 Conclusion2 U.S. Middle East Strategy and the American University of Beirut1 The Syrian Protestant College before World War I2 The Eastern Question and Arab Self-Determination3 AUB’s Ascendance under the French Mandate4 U.S. Government Support for AUB5 The U.S.-Israel Alliance6 War against Terrorism7 Lebanization8 U.S. Interests9 Conclusion3 The American University in Cairo and the U.S.-Egypt Partnership1 Political Neutrality before World War II2 World War II and AUC’s Evolving Relationship with Washington3 Navigating Egyptian Nationalism4 Impact of the Six Day War5 Anwar Sadat and a New Era of U.S.-Egypt Relations6 Stability under Hosni Mubarak7 Compromises on Academic Freedom8 The 2011 Egyptian Revolution9 The Role of U.S. Officials10 U.S. Interests11 Conclusion4 Nation-Building and American Universities in Afghanistan and Iraq1 Return of the Exiles2 Early Reluctance3 Accelerating Success4 Constitutional Mandates5 National Institutions versus an American University6 Women’s Rights7 Security8 American Withdrawal9 Conclusion5 Branch Campuses in Qatar1 Qatari Investment in International Branch Campuses2 The Appeal of American Universities3 Qatar’s National Development Strategy4 Qatari Elites5 American University Administrators6 Role of the U.S. Government7 Education City and U.S. Foreign Policy Interests8 Conclusion6 Assessments, Conclusions, and Future Prospects1 The Relation between American-Style Universities in the Middle East and U.S. Foreign Policy2 Assessments on the Impact of American Universities on U.S. Foreign Policy3 A More Global Higher Education LandscapeIndex

Pratik Chougule, J.D. (2014), Yale Law School, was a researcher at Boston College’s Center for International Higher Education while writing this book.

• PrefaceSeries Editors’ PrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1 American Universities and the Evolution of U.S. Middle East Policy1 American Universities in the Middle East before World War I2 American Inroads during the European Colonial Era3 World War II and the Rise of Cultural Relations4 Modernization Theory and Foreign Assistance5 Westernization and Islamist Backlash in Middle East Higher Education6 Democracy Promotion and Conflict-Based Reconstruction7 Fallout of the Arab Uprisings8 International Branch Campuses9 Conclusion2 U.S. Middle East Strategy and the American University of Beirut1 The Syrian Protestant College before World War I2 The Eastern Question and Arab Self-Determination3 AUB’s Ascendance under the French Mandate4 U.S. Government Support for AUB5 The U.S.-Israel Alliance6 War against Terrorism7 Lebanization8 U.S. Interests9 Conclusion3 The American University in Cairo and the U.S.-Egypt Partnership1 Political Neutrality before World War II2 World War II and AUC’s Evolving Relationship with Washington3 Navigating Egyptian Nationalism4 Impact of the Six Day War5 Anwar Sadat and a New Era of U.S.-Egypt Relations6 Stability under Hosni Mubarak7 Compromises on Academic Freedom8 The 2011 Egyptian Revolution9 The Role of U.S. Officials10 U.S. Interests11 Conclusion4 Nation-Building and American Universities in Afghanistan and Iraq1 Return of the Exiles2 Early Reluctance3 Accelerating Success4 Constitutional Mandates5 National Institutions versus an American University6 Women’s Rights7 Security8 American Withdrawal9 Conclusion5 Branch Campuses in Qatar1 Qatari Investment in International Branch Campuses2 The Appeal of American Universities3 Qatar’s National Development Strategy4 Qatari Elites5 American University Administrators6 Role of the U.S. Government7 Education City and U.S. Foreign Policy Interests8 Conclusion6 Assessments, Conclusions, and Future Prospects1 The Relation between American-Style Universities in the Middle East and U.S. Foreign Policy2 Assessments on the Impact of American Universities on U.S. Foreign Policy3 A More Global Higher Education LandscapeIndex