Mughal Occidentalism

Mika Natif Ph.D. (2006), New York University-IFA, is Assistant Professor in the Art History program, The George Washington University. A specialist in pre-Modern Islamic art, her publications addressed art book in the Persianate world and issues of image making.

• AcknowledgmentsList of IllustrationsAbbreviations and ConventionsIntroductionBrief Historical BackgroundDefining Mughal OccidentalismChristian and European Elements in Islamic ArtOrganization of the Book1 Mughal Tolerance and the Encounters with EuropeReligious Tolerance under Akbar and JahangirMughals and Europeans: The EncountersThe Challenge of Primary SourcesDiplomatic Gifts and “Special” Christian ArticlesThe Mughal Elite and Pictures of Mary and Jesus2 Mughal Masters and European Art: Tradition and Innovation at the Royal WorkshopsCopying and Innovation at the Imperial WorkshopsRepurposing the European Masters3 European Articles in Mughal PaintingEuropean Prints in Mughal AlbumsVisualizing European Articles in Mughal PaintingThe Organ: Plato Making Music4 Landscape Painting as Mughal Allegory: Micro-Architecture, Perspective and ṣulḥ-i kullThe Mughal Interest in TopographyChronology of Change in Landscape RepresentationImages of Urbanism and Agriculture: Diversity and ProsperityThe Virtuous City and the Circle of JusticeEuropean Techniques: Sfumato and Atmospheric Perspective 5 Concepts of Portraiture under Akbar and JahangirMughal Terminology and PraxisForm, Essence, and Physiognomy The Politics of Portraiture EpilogueBibliographyIndex