Muslim–Christian Romance in Times of Captivity

Eva Simmons, (Ph.D. 1990, London University), is a journalist and independent scholar working in fields of English and Comparative European literature. Her thesis was on Restoration dramatist Aphra Behn, and she has published on Behn and 17-18th century English literature.

PrefaceAcknowledgementsList of FiguresIntroduction: Muslim–Christian Romance in Times of Captivity1 Slavery from Ancient Times Onwards, and Its Documentation2 Slavery and Love3 Chapter 1: Early Islamic Perspectives4 Chapter 2: Mediaeval Christian Romances5 Chapter 3: Lived Experience of Slavery in North Africa and the Mediterranean: Development of the Mediterranean Slave Trade6 Chapter 4: Slavery and Romance in 16th–17th Century Novels and Plays of Spain7 Chapter 5: Slavery and Romance in 16th–17th Century Literature of England and France8 Chapter 6: The 18th Century and Beyond; and Conclusion8.1 Gender-Role Reversal and the Lure of the Desert: Genteel Heroines and Commanding Arab Heroes9 A Caveat1 Early Islamic Perspectives1 The Coming of Islam: Slavery, Sexuality, and Religious and Cultural Difference1.1 The Qurʾan and Slavery1.2 One Thousand and One Nights (Alf Layla wa Layla)1.3 Greek Influence1.4 One Thousand-and One-Nights: Analysis2 One Thousand and One Nights: Stories2.1 The Story of Nur al-Din Ali ibn-Bakkar and the Slave Girl Shams al-Nahar2.2 The Story of the Slave-Girl Anis al-Jalis and Nur al-Din Ali ibn Khaqan2.3 ‘Occidentalism’: A Response to ‘Orientalism’3 One Thousand-and One-Nights Stories with Love between Muslims and Christians, and Religious Conversion Themes3.1 The Tale of King ʿUmar ibn al-Nuʾuman and His Sons Sharkān and Zau al-Makan (Nights 45–145)3.2 The Story of Ali Nur al-Din and Miriam the Sash Maker (Nights 863–94): Plot and Analysis4 Some Shorter Nights Stories4.1 The Tale of the Abbot Who Converted to Islam (Nights 412–14)4.2 The Story of the Christian Princess and the Muslim (Nights 477–78)4.3 The Tale of the Muslim Hero and the Christian Girl (Nights 474–77)4.4 The Man from Upper Egypt and His Frankish Wife (Nights 894–96)5 Tales of the Marvellous and News of the Strange (16th century ce?)5.1 Sīrat Dhāt al-Himma6 Poetry6.1 Slave Motifs in the Poetry of Al-Andalus6.2 Ruler-Poets6.3 Poetry and Religion7 Ibn Ḥazm8 Yusuf and Zulaikha8.1 Jami’s Yusuf and Zulaikha2 Mediaeval Christian Romances – Cultural Borrowings1 Arab Origins of the Idea of Courtly Love2 Digenes Akrites: Product of a Muslim-Christian Frontier3 Two Mediaeval French/Middle English Romances3.1 Floire et Blanchefleur3.2 Spiritual Kinship of Muslim and Christian3.3 Possible Sources of Floire et Blanchefleur3.4 Aucassin et Nicolette3.5 Floire et Blanchefleur and Aucassin et Nicolette: Analyses3.6 Ethno-Cultural Kinship3.7 Comparisons4 The Charlemagne NarrativeTradition4.1 The Chanson de Roland/Song of Roland4.2 The Character of Baligant4.3 The Character of Bramimonde5 Other Charlemagne Texts5.1 Rouland and Vernigu5.2 Turpin’s History of Charles5.3 Otuel6 The Character of Floripas in Medieval French and English Literature6.1 Fierabras and Sir Ferumbras6.2 The Sowdone of Babylone6.3 Charles the Grete7 The King of Tars8 Boccaccio and His Successors3 The Lived Experience of Slavery in North Africa and the Mediterranean – Development of the Mediterranean Slave Trade1 The Lived Experience of Slavery2 Conversion and Religious Practice3 Personal Narratives of Enslavement3.1 Father Jeronimo Gracián3.2 Diego Galán3.3 Fra Diego de Haedo/Dr Antonio de Sosa3.4 Emanuel (Emmanuel) d’Aranda3.5 Jacques Philippe Laugier de Tassy/John Morgan4 Morgan’s Additions and Comparisons with de Tassy’s Account5 Miguel de Cervantes6 Women Slaves and the Harem7 Thomas Pellow8 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu9 Lived Experience and Literature: Some Concluding Remarks4 Slavery and Romance in 16th–17th Century Novels and Plays of Spain1 A Shared Culture in Spain1.1 El Abencerraje1.2 Pérez de Hita, Guerras civiles de Granada (Civil Wars of Granada)2 Changing Fortunes of the Moriscos2.1 Ozmín y Daraja3 Cervantes: ‘Moorish’ Themes, in Prose Fiction and on the Spanish Stage4 Cervantes’s Works4.1 El trato de Argel4.2 La Historia del cautivo/The Story of the Captive4.3 Los Baños de Argel [The Dungeons of Algiers]4.4 El Amante Liberal [The Generous – or Liberal – Lover]4.5 La Gran Sultana [The Great Sultana] Doña Catalina de Oviedo (Published 1615)5 Other Cervantine Texts5.1 El Gallardo Español [the Gallant Spaniard], Published 16156 Summary7 Cervantes’s Literary Heir: Lope de Vega5 Slavery and Romance in 16th–17th Century England and France1 ‘Moorish’ and ‘Turkish’ Themes in 16th–17th Century England2 Tragicomedy2.1 Robert Greene (1558–1592)2.2 Greene’s Orlando Furioso (1589? Printed 1594)2.3 Greene’s The Comicall Historie of Alphonsus, King of Aragon (1599)2.4 Philip Massinger, The Renegado, (Licensed 1624, Published 1630)3 Growth of ‘Moorish’ and Muslim Themes in France during the 17th Century3.1 Almahide4 Some Other ‘Moorish’ and ‘Turkish’ Themes in French4.1 Zaïde/Zayde4.2 Jean-François Regnard, La Provençale (Published Posthumously in 1731)5 The ‘Moorish’ or ‘Turkish’ Text in England after the Restoration5.1 John Dryden: Almanzor and Almahide, Or, The Conquest of Granada5.2 The Fair One of Tunis5.3 Some Other Post-restoration Texts in French and English5.4 Aphra Behn/Thomas Southerne Oroonoko6 The 18th Century Onwards1 Galland and the Spread of Orientalism2 England3 Continuation of Slavery and Romance Themes4 Slavery and Romance in the 18th Century Theatre4.1 George Colman the Younger5 Nineteenth Century5.1 Ann Lemoine5.2 Lord Byron5.3 François-René de Chateaubriand and Washington Irving6 Sadomasochism and Its Commercial Lure7 Twentieth Century and Beyond7.1 Gender Role Reversal and the Lure of the Desert: Genteel Heroines and Commanding Arab Heroes8 The 21st Century: Tables Turned9 Slavery and Romance in Entertainment of the East10 Summary and Conclusion10.1 The ‘Other’ and the ‘Same’/ ‘Them’ and ‘Us’11 Post Script: Two Tales of Mixed-Faith Romance in the 21st Century11.1 Haret al-Yahud [Jewish Quarter]11.2 Gader Haya [Borderlife, Initial English Translation, Later Changed to All the Rivers]AppendicesBibliographyIndex