Coşku Çelik is an Assistant Professor at Kadir Has University. She holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the Middle East Technical University. She worked as a postdoctoral Fellow and Visiting Professor at York University from 2019 to 2022. Her research interests include labour studies, development studies, and feminist political economy.

• ForewordAcknowledgementsList of Figures and TablesAcronyms and Abbreviations1 Introduction1 A Class-Relational Approach to Labour of Extraction under Neoliberalism2 Introducing the Field3 The Design and Method of the Fieldwork3.1 Semi-structured Interviews3.2 Focus Group Interviews3.3 Participant Observation4 Phases of the Fieldwork4.1 Phase i (June and July 2015, February 2016)4.2 Phase ii (June–September 2016, March 2017)4.3 Phase iii (July and August 2018)5 Outline of the Book2 Classes of Extractive Labour across Production and Social Reproduction: Patterns of Dispossession and Class Formation in the Rural Extractive Regions1 Proletarianization as Primitive Accumulation2 Ongoing Primitive Accumulation and Gendered Patterns of Proletarianization: A Marxist Feminist Framework3 The Development of Capitalism in Agriculture and Dispossession of Small-Scale Farmers4 Rural Class Formation across Production and Social Reproduction5 Conclusion3 Extractivism and Labour Control: Reflections of Turkey’s ‘Coal Rush’ in the Underground Coalmines1 Controlling and Disciplining the Classes of Extractive Labour: Labour Regime Analysis2 The Political Economy of Coal Extraction in Neoliberal Turkey2.1 A Brief History of Neoliberalism in Turkey2.2 Turkey’s ‘Coal Rush’ under the akp Rule3 Historical Background: Coal Extraction in Soma Before the 2000s4 The Neoliberal Transformation of the Coal Industry in the Soma Coal Basin in the 2000s5 Labour Supply to the Coal Pits of Soma6 Coal Rush Underground: Labour Processes in the Coal Pits of Soma6.1 Firms Operating Mines in the Soma Coal Basin6.2 Recruitment Processes and the Informal Subcontractors6.3 The Organization of Work6.4 Coal Rush Underground: Production Pressure7 Conclusion4 The Social Reproduction of Extractivism: Gendered Patterns of Dispossession and Women’s Work in Rural Turkey1 The Production and Social Reproduction of the Classes of Extractive Labour2 The Development of Capitalism in Agriculture in Turkey until the 1980s3 Neoliberalism in Agriculture and Gendered Patterns of Dispossession and Proletarianization in Turkey4 Agrarian Change, Patterns of Dispossession, and Livelihood Diversification in the Soma Coal Basin5 Women’s Work in the Soma Coal Basin5.1 Labour Processes and Working Conditions of Women in Agriculture5.2 The Social Reproduction of Miner Families: Unpaid Work of Miners’ Wives6 Conclusion5 The Soma Mine Disaster, Labour Control in the Sphere of Social Reproduction, and Moments of Resistance1 Authoritarian Neoliberalism and Extractivism2 The Soma Mine Disaster and Its Prosecution Process3 Local Labour Control and Discipline Strategies4 Local Labour Control and Discipline after the Soma Mine Disaster: Clientelism – Wage Increases – Unemployment5 Moments of Resistance: Attempts for Alternative Unionizations and Local Social Movements in the Basin5.1 Anti-coal Resistance in Yırca5.2 Resistance against Redundancy of Miners6 Conclusion6 ConclusionPostscript: The Condition of Coal Mining and Agricultural Production Amid the Overlapping Crises in Turley during the 2020s1 Food Crises and Agricultural Production of Small-Scale Farmers2 Changing State-Capital-Labour Relations in the Coal Industry3 ConclusionReferencesIndex

Coşku Çelik is an Assistant Professor at Kadir Has University. She holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the Middle East Technical University. She worked as a postdoctoral Fellow and Visiting Professor at York University from 2019 to 2022. Her research interests include labour studies, development studies, and feminist political economy.

• ForewordAcknowledgementsList of Figures and TablesAcronyms and Abbreviations1 Introduction1 A Class-Relational Approach to Labour of Extraction under Neoliberalism2 Introducing the Field3 The Design and Method of the Fieldwork3.1 Semi-structured Interviews3.2 Focus Group Interviews3.3 Participant Observation4 Phases of the Fieldwork4.1 Phase i (June and July 2015, February 2016)4.2 Phase ii (June–September 2016, March 2017)4.3 Phase iii (July and August 2018)5 Outline of the Book2 Classes of Extractive Labour across Production and Social Reproduction: Patterns of Dispossession and Class Formation in the Rural Extractive Regions1 Proletarianization as Primitive Accumulation2 Ongoing Primitive Accumulation and Gendered Patterns of Proletarianization: A Marxist Feminist Framework3 The Development of Capitalism in Agriculture and Dispossession of Small-Scale Farmers4 Rural Class Formation across Production and Social Reproduction5 Conclusion3 Extractivism and Labour Control: Reflections of Turkey’s ‘Coal Rush’ in the Underground Coalmines1 Controlling and Disciplining the Classes of Extractive Labour: Labour Regime Analysis2 The Political Economy of Coal Extraction in Neoliberal Turkey2.1 A Brief History of Neoliberalism in Turkey2.2 Turkey’s ‘Coal Rush’ under the akp Rule3 Historical Background: Coal Extraction in Soma Before the 2000s4 The Neoliberal Transformation of the Coal Industry in the Soma Coal Basin in the 2000s5 Labour Supply to the Coal Pits of Soma6 Coal Rush Underground: Labour Processes in the Coal Pits of Soma6.1 Firms Operating Mines in the Soma Coal Basin6.2 Recruitment Processes and the Informal Subcontractors6.3 The Organization of Work6.4 Coal Rush Underground: Production Pressure7 Conclusion4 The Social Reproduction of Extractivism: Gendered Patterns of Dispossession and Women’s Work in Rural Turkey1 The Production and Social Reproduction of the Classes of Extractive Labour2 The Development of Capitalism in Agriculture in Turkey until the 1980s3 Neoliberalism in Agriculture and Gendered Patterns of Dispossession and Proletarianization in Turkey4 Agrarian Change, Patterns of Dispossession, and Livelihood Diversification in the Soma Coal Basin5 Women’s Work in the Soma Coal Basin5.1 Labour Processes and Working Conditions of Women in Agriculture5.2 The Social Reproduction of Miner Families: Unpaid Work of Miners’ Wives6 Conclusion5 The Soma Mine Disaster, Labour Control in the Sphere of Social Reproduction, and Moments of Resistance1 Authoritarian Neoliberalism and Extractivism2 The Soma Mine Disaster and Its Prosecution Process3 Local Labour Control and Discipline Strategies4 Local Labour Control and Discipline after the Soma Mine Disaster: Clientelism – Wage Increases – Unemployment5 Moments of Resistance: Attempts for Alternative Unionizations and Local Social Movements in the Basin5.1 Anti-coal Resistance in Yırca5.2 Resistance against Redundancy of Miners6 Conclusion6 ConclusionPostscript: The Condition of Coal Mining and Agricultural Production Amid the Overlapping Crises in Turley during the 2020s1 Food Crises and Agricultural Production of Small-Scale Farmers2 Changing State-Capital-Labour Relations in the Coal Industry3 ConclusionReferencesIndex

Coşku Çelik is an Assistant Professor at Kadir Has University. She holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the Middle East Technical University. She worked as a postdoctoral Fellow and Visiting Professor at York University from 2019 to 2022. Her research interests include labour studies, development studies, and feminist political economy.

• ForewordAcknowledgementsList of Figures and TablesAcronyms and Abbreviations1 Introduction1 A Class-Relational Approach to Labour of Extraction under Neoliberalism2 Introducing the Field3 The Design and Method of the Fieldwork3.1 Semi-structured Interviews3.2 Focus Group Interviews3.3 Participant Observation4 Phases of the Fieldwork4.1 Phase i (June and July 2015, February 2016)4.2 Phase ii (June–September 2016, March 2017)4.3 Phase iii (July and August 2018)5 Outline of the Book2 Classes of Extractive Labour across Production and Social Reproduction: Patterns of Dispossession and Class Formation in the Rural Extractive Regions1 Proletarianization as Primitive Accumulation2 Ongoing Primitive Accumulation and Gendered Patterns of Proletarianization: A Marxist Feminist Framework3 The Development of Capitalism in Agriculture and Dispossession of Small-Scale Farmers4 Rural Class Formation across Production and Social Reproduction5 Conclusion3 Extractivism and Labour Control: Reflections of Turkey’s ‘Coal Rush’ in the Underground Coalmines1 Controlling and Disciplining the Classes of Extractive Labour: Labour Regime Analysis2 The Political Economy of Coal Extraction in Neoliberal Turkey2.1 A Brief History of Neoliberalism in Turkey2.2 Turkey’s ‘Coal Rush’ under the akp Rule3 Historical Background: Coal Extraction in Soma Before the 2000s4 The Neoliberal Transformation of the Coal Industry in the Soma Coal Basin in the 2000s5 Labour Supply to the Coal Pits of Soma6 Coal Rush Underground: Labour Processes in the Coal Pits of Soma6.1 Firms Operating Mines in the Soma Coal Basin6.2 Recruitment Processes and the Informal Subcontractors6.3 The Organization of Work6.4 Coal Rush Underground: Production Pressure7 Conclusion4 The Social Reproduction of Extractivism: Gendered Patterns of Dispossession and Women’s Work in Rural Turkey1 The Production and Social Reproduction of the Classes of Extractive Labour2 The Development of Capitalism in Agriculture in Turkey until the 1980s3 Neoliberalism in Agriculture and Gendered Patterns of Dispossession and Proletarianization in Turkey4 Agrarian Change, Patterns of Dispossession, and Livelihood Diversification in the Soma Coal Basin5 Women’s Work in the Soma Coal Basin5.1 Labour Processes and Working Conditions of Women in Agriculture5.2 The Social Reproduction of Miner Families: Unpaid Work of Miners’ Wives6 Conclusion5 The Soma Mine Disaster, Labour Control in the Sphere of Social Reproduction, and Moments of Resistance1 Authoritarian Neoliberalism and Extractivism2 The Soma Mine Disaster and Its Prosecution Process3 Local Labour Control and Discipline Strategies4 Local Labour Control and Discipline after the Soma Mine Disaster: Clientelism – Wage Increases – Unemployment5 Moments of Resistance: Attempts for Alternative Unionizations and Local Social Movements in the Basin5.1 Anti-coal Resistance in Yırca5.2 Resistance against Redundancy of Miners6 Conclusion6 ConclusionPostscript: The Condition of Coal Mining and Agricultural Production Amid the Overlapping Crises in Turley during the 2020s1 Food Crises and Agricultural Production of Small-Scale Farmers2 Changing State-Capital-Labour Relations in the Coal Industry3 ConclusionReferencesIndex