Peter B. Andersen Ph.D. (1994), dr.phil. (2023), is an Associate Professor in the Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen. He has published monographs, edited volumes and articles on religion and modernity in India and in Europe. He has recently chaired a survey on Covid-19 in Denmark.Peter Gundelach mag. scient. soc. (1972) is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen. He has published monographs, edited volumes and many articles on social movements, national identity, religon and values including a series of edited volumes on the European Values study in Denmark

• PrefaceList of Tables and FiguresList of AbbreviationsNotes on contributorsPART 1: The Complexity Approach: Trends and New Concepts Introduction: Complexity and Religious ChangesPeter B. Andersen and Peter Gundelach1 Religion in Nordic Societies: Legal Structures and Demographic TrendsSille Fusager, Kimmo Ketola, Pål Ketil Botvar and Maria Klingenbergpart 2: Complex Changes in Religiosity2 Belief in an Irrelevant God: Exploring Fuzzy Belief in the Nordic CountriesMaria Klingenberg and Evelina Lundmark3 ‘Religious Change Is Not Only about Decline’: the Complexity of Religious Change from a Family Perspective in FinlandKati Tervo-Niemelä4 The Ritual Shift: Examining Religious Complexity in the Light of Life Cycle RitesIda Marie Høeg and Karin Jarnkvist 5 A Complexity Analysis of Religiosity in the Nordic CountriesPeter Gundelach and Peter B. Andersen6 Between God and Caesar: Young People’s Views on the Public Role of ReligionPål Ketil Botvar7 Who are the ‘Spiritual but Not Religious’? Complex Patterns of Religiosity in Nordic CountriesKimmo Ketolapart 3: State Regulation, the National Church and Religiosity8 Considering the Default Template: Supreme Overseers of Legality and Religion Complexity in FinlandPamela Slotte Russo9 ‘There Is No Proof that the Law Has Had No Effect’: Recent Danish Legislation on Islam and the Problem of Complexity in Regulating ReligionNiels Valdemar Vinding10 National Identity and Religion in the Nordic CountriesHans Morten Haugen and Heikki Hiilamo11 The Danish Folk Church and the Complexity of Social CohesionKaren Marie Leth-Nissen and Marlene Ringgaard Lorensen12 An Unexpected Dimension of Care Work: Feminine Evangelization among Christian Filipinas in DenmarkAstrid Krabbe Trolle13 School and Religious Complexity: Lessons from Four Nordic CountriesAnders Sjöborgpart 4: Testing the Complexity Approach in International Settings14 Complexity Religiosities beyond the Nordic CountriesPeter B. Andersen and Peter GundelachIndex