Ǧibrīl ibn Nūḥ al-Anbārī, The Kitāb al-iʿtibāṛ fī l-malakūt

Lessons on God’s Majesty, an Arabic text written in Iraq around 850 CE by the Nestorian Christian Ǧibrīl b. Nūḥ al-Anbārī, is a collection of proofs of God’s existence (arguments from design). Drawing on the works of ancient philosophers and physiologists as well as Christian authors, the text also contains the author's original, sometimes amusing personal observations.While philosophical in nature, the work extends into theology where it discusses the problem of evil. Rather than addressing Christians or Muslims, who already acknowledge one creator, it is aimed at those who believe in two creators or in no creation at all.