It is not unusual in corporate litigation for the outcome of a case to hinge on the discovery in court of electronically-stored information (ESI). Yet in most jurisdictions (notably among EU Member States) the withholding of such information is required by privacy laws or even laws specifically blocking the transfer of data for discovery purposes. Companies that ignore such laws may face severe sanctions. In the United States, however, discovery of ESI is often compulsory, and failure to comply can lead to contempt of court and losing the case.

It is not unusual in corporate litigation for the outcome of a case to hinge on the discovery in court of electronically-stored information (ESI). Yet in most jurisdictions (notably among EU Member States) the withholding of such information is required by privacy laws or even laws specifically blocking the transfer of data for discovery purposes. Companies that ignore such laws may face severe sanctions. In the United States, however, discovery of ESI is often compulsory, and failure to comply can lead to contempt of court and losing the case.