Viruses are not always classified as organisms, as they have been identified either as very simple microorganisms or very complex molecules. Prions, never considered microorganisms, have been investigated by virologists, however, as the clinical effects traced to them were originally presumed due to chronic viral infections, and virologists took search—discovering “infectious proteins”. As an application of microbiology, medical microbiology is often introduced with medical principles of immunology as microbiology and immunology. Otherwise, microbiology, virology, and immunology as basic sciences have greatly exceeded the medical variants, applied sciences. Genetic engineering is an example of how the fields of basic and applied microbiology can overlap. Genetic engineering is primarily considered a field of applied microbiology (that is, the exploitation of microorganisms for a specific product or use). The methods used in genetic engineering were developed in basic research of microbial genetics. This book not only provides easy and quick notes for the students appearing for examinations but also stimulate interest in those seeking career in microbiology. This book is of immense help to those students hailing from rural background due to easy understanding.
