Common Bile Duct Exploration

'...excellently illustrated... ...of value to all surgeons performing biliary tract surgery.' Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 31:5 (1985) '...an easy to read and excellent cooperative project from Scotland and the USA between a surgeon, endoscopist and radiologist. It can be commended to abdominal surgeons and will make a useful contribution to safer cholecystectomy.' Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 78 (1985) '...should be of help to all surgeons in training.' British Medical Journal, 219 (1985)

• 1. Introduction.- 2. Review of existing problems in biliary tract surgery.- 3. Surgical approach and principles.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Prophylactic measures.- 3. Pre-operative biliary decompression in the jaundiced patient.- 4. Operative principles.- 5. Drainage of the supracolic compartment after biliary operations.- 4. Operative cholangiography (in cooperation with J.A. Hamlin and M. Paz-Partlow).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Common bile duct explorations.- 3. Unsuspected stones.- 4. Cannulation techniques.- 5. Initial and/or completion cholangiograms.- 6. Standard technique.- 7. Fluoro-cholangiography.- 8. Anomalies of surgical importance.- 9. General aspects.- 10. Radiation protection.- 11. The cystic duct.- 12. Cholecysto-cholangiogram.- 13. The choledocho-cholangiogram.- 14. Contact selective cholangiography.- 15. Reason for failure for operative cholangiography.- 16. Artifacts.- 17. Complications of operative cholangiography.- 18. Reformed calculi.- 19. Complications of T-tube removal in the post-operative period.- 20. Results of operative cholangiography.- 5. Operative biliary endoscopy (cholangioscopy) (in cooperation with M. Paz-Partlow).- 1. Introduction.- 3. Technique.- 4. Endoscopic anatomy and pathology.- 5. Repeated cholangioscopy.- 6. Complications.- 7. General aspects.- 8. Evaluation of results.- 9. Conclusions.- 6. Biliary manometry and debimetry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Usage.- 3. Pharmacolgy of the sphincter of Oddi (SO).- 4. Biliary pressure indices.- 5. Dynamic (transducer) manometry.- 6. Disorders of the sphincter of Oddi.- 7. Exploration of the common bile duct.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Technique of CBD exploration.- 3. Trans-duodenal exploration od CBD.- 4. Intra-hepatic calculi.- 5. Assessment of terminal end of the CBD and sphincteric region.- 6. Post-operative removal of T-tube.- 7. Conclusion.- 8. Postoperative removal of retained stones through the T-Tube tract (in cooperation with J.A. Hamlin).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Stone extraction via the T-tube.- 3. Endoscopic method.- 4. Preparation for stone extraction.- 5. Technique.- 6. Results.- 7. Complications.- 8. Discussion.- Index of Subjects.