Handbook of Higher Education in Japan

Paul Snowden studied Modern and Medieval Languages at King’s College, Cambridge. Apart from the first five years of his career, he has lived and worked in Japan as a university teacher and administrator, and author or editor of numerous dictionaries, textbooks, and other Japan- related works. He worked longest (30 years) at Waseda University, where he served two terms as Dean of the School of International Liberal Studies—the first foreign national to hold such a post at that university—and has been Emeritus Professor since 2014. His most recent post was Vice-President of Kyorin University. Having retired in 2020, he now acts as a director for the Japan campus of Lakeland University, Wisconsin.

• 1. Universities in Modern Japan: A Historical Outline, 2. From Showa to Heisei: The Formation of Japan's Contemporary Higher Education System, 3. The Heisei Period: Plus Ça Change?, 4. National Universities: Autonomy in Their Governance; Ideology and Practice, 5. Public Universities: Prefectural, Local Higher Education, 6. Private Universities: Diverse and Adaptable, 7. Foreign Universities in Japan: Opportunities Taken and Missed, 8. The Financing of Higher Education in Japan, 9. Undergraduate Admissions: Shifting Trends, 10. The Hensachi: Its Dominant Role in University Rankings, 11. Self-Assessment: How Japanese University Students Assess Their Learning Outcomes, 12. Policies for Hosting International Students: Issues for the Post-300,000 International Students Plan Era, 13. Regional Cooperation in East Asia: Shifting Realities, 14. International Students: Inbound Mobility at Elite and Mass Universities, 15. Academic Support and Advising: Historical and Contemporary Issues, 16. Women's Universities in Japan: Life Choices, 17. Junior Female Academics: Experiences and Challenges, 18. Women of Color Leading in Japanese Higher Education, 19. International Faculty: Increasing Mobility, 20. Research Universities: Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy, 21. Liberal Arts Education: The Japanese Way, 22. The English Language in Japan: A Historical Overview 1809-2020, 23. Languages Other Than English: Mysterious Eclipse, 24. Critical English Curriculum Enactment: A Policy Planning Perspective, 25. The Dawn of Reiwa: Waves, Revolutions and an AI Society