This book (1) integrates artificial intelligence into modeling, evaluation, and optimization of building systems, enabling multi-scale and multi-objective analysis; (2) uncovers the underlying mechanisms and interdependencies influencing building energy, comfort, and carbon performance across spatial and temporal dimensions; (3) presents cutting-edge analytical and optimization methods that support data-informed design, diagnosis, and operation; and (4) demonstrates the applicability and scalability of AI techniques through representative case studies and methodological examples. By uniting theoretical advancement with practical implementation, this book offers both a scientific foundation and a reference guide for researchers, engineers, and policymakers striving to enhance the intelligence, efficiency, and sustainability of the built environment.