Formal Methods and Software Engineering

This volume LNCS 16229 constitutes the refereed proceedings of 26th International Conference on Formal Methods and Software Engineering, ICFEM 2025, in Hangzhou, China, during November 10–13, 2025.The 20 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 47 submissions. The conference focuses on wide range of research areas, covering both theoretical foundations and practical applications of formal engineering methods.