Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing through Hawala Money Transfer Operators investigates the historical, contemporary, and future orientations of the hawala system as it exists at the nexus of national security policy and practice, money laundering, and the financing of terrorism and criminal activity. It examines the emerging connections between criminal and terrorist organisations that aim to exploit this time-honoured system for their unlawful and violent intentions, states, and financial systems. The book offers a thorough examination of a topic that is frequently framed and seen as a major security threat on a local, national, and international scale. Inconsistent state regulations, inadequate international regulatory oversight, and misinformed policy all contribute to the complexity of the issue. It integrates empirical and substantive data and analyses with conceptual approaches to the hawala informal remittance system and its exploitation by criminal and terrorist actors.
