Ken Kinoshita (Ph. D., Doshisha University, Japan) is an associate professor at the Faculty of Socio-Environmental Studies, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan. His research focuses on the Japanese parliament, local councils, and political communication. He has published several articles and books related to the interface of parliament and political communication, including: Bicameral theory (in Japanese, 2015), Why politicians don’t answer questions? (in Japanese, 2018), How to advance regional legislative reform (in Japanese, 2020), and Rhetoric of politicians (in Japanese, 2022).

• Introduction: Political communication as political rhetoric.- Integration of conversation analysis and facial expression analysis.- Sad facial expressions mean an equivocal response.- Meanings and intentions of happy expressions.- Relationship between facial expressions, gestures, and quotations.- Different ways to use information in responses.- Quotations of others' words and episodes as political rhetoric.

Ken Kinoshita (Ph. D., Doshisha University, Japan) is an associate professor at the Faculty of Socio-Environmental Studies, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan. His research focuses on the Japanese parliament, local councils, and political communication. He has published several articles and books related to the interface of parliament and political communication, including: Bicameral theory (in Japanese, 2015), Why politicians don’t answer questions? (in Japanese, 2018), How to advance regional legislative reform (in Japanese, 2020), and Rhetoric of politicians (in Japanese, 2022).

• Introduction: Political communication as political rhetoric.- Integration of conversation analysis and facial expression analysis.- Sad facial expressions mean an equivocal response.- Meanings and intentions of happy expressions.- Relationship between facial expressions, gestures, and quotations.- Different ways to use information in responses.- Quotations of others' words and episodes as political rhetoric.

Ken Kinoshita (Ph. D., Doshisha University, Japan) is an associate professor at the Faculty of Socio-Environmental Studies, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan. His research focuses on the Japanese parliament, local councils, and political communication. He has published several articles and books related to the interface of parliament and political communication, including: Bicameral theory (in Japanese, 2015), Why politicians don’t answer questions? (in Japanese, 2018), How to advance regional legislative reform (in Japanese, 2020), and Rhetoric of politicians (in Japanese, 2022).

• Introduction: Political communication as political rhetoric.- Integration of conversation analysis and facial expression analysis.- Sad facial expressions mean an equivocal response.- Meanings and intentions of happy expressions.- Relationship between facial expressions, gestures, and quotations.- Different ways to use information in responses.- Quotations of others' words and episodes as political rhetoric.