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This book, first published in 1989, is a comprehensive examination of the profound impact of World War II on Soviet military affairs. It systematically assesses the costs and lessons of the war and their substantial impact on Soviet military and Party leaders in the Cold War era and particularly in the 1980s. Starting with the experiences of the war and its influence on the development of Soviet military thinking, the book addresses the relationship between the military and the Soviet political system, threat perception, decision making, and crisis and risk assessment. Also discussed are the war’s influence on the structure and operations of the military in the 1980s, focusing on doctrine, conventional forces, the defence industry and historiography.

This book, first published in 1989, is a comprehensive examination of the profound impact of World War II on Soviet military affairs. It systematically assesses the costs and lessons of the war and their substantial impact on Soviet military and Party leaders in the Cold War era and particularly in the 1980s. Starting with the experiences of the war and its influence on the development of Soviet military thinking, the book addresses the relationship between the military and the Soviet political system, threat perception, decision making, and crisis and risk assessment. Also discussed are the war’s influence on the structure and operations of the military in the 1980s, focusing on doctrine, conventional forces, the defence industry and historiography.

Since man was found on the back of the simple, and it is subject to sickness; Therefore, the pursuit of human thought was lavish behind the treatment, and the ancient civilizations (Chinese, Western, Islamic, and Indian) have provided many medical jurisprudence and pharmaceutical structures to mediate people from every disease, but the role that the Islamic civilization was distinguished from other civilizations is effective Medical performance as an institutional performance, as medical activity has turned into an ancient institutional activity based on providing health care, helping and treating patients, providing them with food and following them, and providing cladding and food for them. Also, the permearstans had a great educational importance in addition to its professional importance, as it was a place to learn the arts of medicine in addition to its practice. ‏

The Sisters of the Holy Family, founded in New Orleans in 1842, were the first African American Catholics to serve as missionaries. This story of their little-known missionary efforts in Belize from 1898 to 2008 builds upon their already distinguished work, through the Archdiocese of New Orleans, of teaching slaves and free people of color, caring for orphans and the elderly, and tending to the poor and needy. Utilizing previously unpublished archival documents along with extensive personal correspondence and interviews, Edward T. Brett has produced a fascinating account of the 110-year mission of the Sisters of the Holy Family to the Garifuna people of Belize. Brett discusses the foundation and growth of the struggling order in New Orleans up to the sisters' decision in 1898 to accept a teaching commitment in the Stann Creek District of what was then British Honduras. The early history of the British Honduras mission concentrates especially on Mother Austin Jones, the superior responsible for expanding the order's work into the mission field. In examining the Belizean mission from the eve of the Second Vatican Council through the post–Vatican II years, Brett sensitively chronicles the sisters' efforts to conform to the spirit of the council and describes the creative innovations that the Holy Family community introduced into the Belizean educational system. In the final chapter he looks at the congregation's efforts to sustain its missionary work in the face of the shortage of new religious vocations. Brett's study is more than just a chronicle of the Holy Family Sisters' accomplishments in Belize. He treats the issues of racism and gender discrimination that the African American congregation encountered both within the church and in society, demonstrating how the sisters survived and even thrived by learning how to skillfully negotiate with the white, dominant power structure.

How and why do archaeologists start a project? Where do they begin? What do they do?This book presents a case study from the ongoing Stann Creek Regional Archaeology Project (SCRAP) in Belize, Central America. The authors explore their long-term archaeology research project involving foreign researchers working together with local Maya villagers.Archaeologists Meaghan M. Peuramaki-Brown, Shawn G. Morton, and Jillian M. Jordan deviate from popular narratives surrounding the civilization by studying a small, relatively short-lived (ca. 700–900 AD) Ancestral Maya town along the eastern frontier, focusing on the educational processes involved in archaeological thought and practice. They examine the culture of archaeology in Belize and the Maya Peoples involved in engaging and transforming this culture and the resulting research. They liken the building of their research project to the construction of a traditional Mopan Maya house or nah. Each chapter is linked to a stage of house construction and correlated elements of the project's development and ends with the creation of a home or otoch.Through this framing of SCRAP’s story within a central aspect of a present-day Mopan Maya community, this book attempts to turn archaeology from the study of the past to a conversation with the present.