A. Halanay – författare

In t.lw fHll of !!)!)2, Professor Dr. M. Alt.ar, chairman of tIw newly established dppartnwnt or Managenwnt. wit.h Comput.er Science at thp Homanian -American Univprsity in Bucharest (a private univprsil.y), inl.roducod in t.he curriculum a course on DiffenHltial Equations and Optimal Cont.rol, asking lIS to teach such course. It was an inter8sting challengo, since for t.Iw first tim8 wo had to t8ach such mathemaLical course for st.udents with economic background and interosts. It was a natural idea to sl.m't by looking at pconomic models which were described by differpntial equations and for which problems in (\pcision making dir! ariso. Since many or such models were r!escribed in discret.e timp, wp eleculed to elpvolop in parallel t.he theory of differential equations anel thaI, of discrete-timo systpms aur! also control theory in continuous and discrete time. Tlw jll'eSPlu book is t.he result of our tpaehing px!wripnce wit.h this courge. It is an enlargud version of t.he actllal lectuf(~s where, depending on t.he background of tho St.lI(\('Ilts, not all proofs could be given in detail. We would like to express our grat.itude to tlw Board of the Romanian - American University, personally 1.0 the Rector, Professor Dr. Ion Smedpscu, for support, encouragement and readinpss to accept advancnd ideas in tho curriculum. fhe authors express t.heir warmest thanks 1.0 Mrs. Monica Stan . Necula for tho oxcellent procC'ssing of t.he manuscript.

In t.lw fHll of !!)!)2, Professor Dr. M. Alt.ar, chairman of tIw newly established dppartnwnt or Managenwnt. wit.h Comput.er Science at thp Homanian -American Univprsity in Bucharest (a private univprsil.y), inl.roducod in t.he curriculum a course on DiffenHltial Equations and Optimal Cont.rol, asking lIS to teach such course. It was an inter8sting challengo, since for t.Iw first tim8 wo had to t8ach such mathemaLical course for st.udents with economic background and interosts. It was a natural idea to sl.m't by looking at pconomic models which were described by differpntial equations and for which problems in (\pcision making dir! ariso. Since many or such models were r!escribed in discret.e timp, wp eleculed to elpvolop in parallel t.he theory of differential equations anel thaI, of discrete-timo systpms aur! also control theory in continuous and discrete time. Tlw jll'eSPlu book is t.he result of our tpaehing px!wripnce wit.h this courge. It is an enlargud version of t.he actllal lectuf(~s where, depending on t.he background of tho St.lI(\('Ilts, not all proofs could be given in detail. We would like to express our grat.itude to tlw Board of the Romanian - American University, personally 1.0 the Rector, Professor Dr. Ion Smedpscu, for support, encouragement and readinpss to accept advancnd ideas in tho curriculum. fhe authors express t.heir warmest thanks 1.0 Mrs. Monica Stan . Necula for tho oxcellent procC'ssing of t.he manuscript.

The year 1992 marks the centennial anniversary of publication of the celebrated monograph "The General Problem of Stability of Motion" written by A. M. Liapunov. This anniversary inspires to think about the way theory and applications have developed during this century. The first observation one can make is that the so-called "second method", nowadays known as the "Liapunov function method", has received more attention than the "first method"; let us also mention the study of critical cases, which brought more attention recently in connection with the study of bifurcations and with nonlinear stabilization. One of the reasons of popularity of the Liapunov function approach might be the fact that, in many situations in science and engineering, and not only in mechanics, which was the main source of inspiration for the work of Liapunov, natural Liapunov functions may be proposed, intimately connected with the properties of the processes. It is one of the purposes of this book to advocate this idea. From the mathematical viewpoint, the century after the first appear­ ance of Liapunov's monograph has been characterized both by general­ izations and by refinements of Liapunov's ideas. But we feel that the most spectacular progress is the understanding of the wide possibilities open for applications by the use of Stability Theory as constructed by Liapunov a century ago. We have tried to show some of the ideas in this direction by start­ ing with our personal experience in the study of some models.

The year 1992 marks the centennial anniversary of publication of the celebrated monograph "The General Problem of Stability of Motion" written by A. M. Liapunov. This anniversary inspires to think about the way theory and applications have developed during this century. The first observation one can make is that the so-called "second method", nowadays known as the "Liapunov function method", has received more attention than the "first method"; let us also mention the study of critical cases, which brought more attention recently in connection with the study of bifurcations and with nonlinear stabilization. One of the reasons of popularity of the Liapunov function approach might be the fact that, in many situations in science and engineering, and not only in mechanics, which was the main source of inspiration for the work of Liapunov, natural Liapunov functions may be proposed, intimately connected with the properties of the processes. It is one of the purposes of this book to advocate this idea. From the mathematical viewpoint, the century after the first appear­ ance of Liapunov''s monograph has been characterized both by general­ izations and by refinements of Liapunov''s ideas. But we feel that the most spectacular progress is the understanding of the wide possibilities open for applications by the use of Stability Theory as constructed by Liapunov a century ago. We have tried to show some of the ideas in this direction by start­ ing with our personal experience in the study of some models.