A. Paraf – författare

This book contains the Invited Lectures delivered at the meeting "structural and Kinetic Approach to Plasma Membrane Functions" held in Grignon/France on September 6-9, 1976. The meeting was intended as a discussion forum for physicists, physico-chemists, biochemists, bio- logists, and medical scientists, in an attempt to find as much "con- tact-surface" as possible. The Invited Lectures cover a broad spectrum of membrane preoccupations. The complexity of the topics, the variety of the techniques used, and above all the wide scope of the research work reported constitute an up-to-date presentation of the state-of- the-art in a number of important areas of membranology. Our thanks are due to all those who, with their contributions, helped make this book. In the first place we wish to thank the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur F6rderung der Wissenschaften e.V. and the Centre National de la Re- cherche Scientifique who, by their generous support made this meeting possible. Special thanks are due to Drs. B. Boman (Grignon/France), and Alice Reimann (Mulheim) for their help in the final preparation of the con- ference manuscript.Last but not least our thanks go to Springer-Verlag for their friendly cooperation in producing this book under excellent conditions.

1. 1 Antigens 9 1. 1. 1 Proteins 9 1. 1. 2 Polysaccharides 10 I. 1. 3 Haptens and carriers 11 1. 2 Antibodies 12 1. 2. 1 Isotypes 12 1. 2. 2 Paratopes 16 1. 2. 3 Allotypes 16 1. 2. 4 Idlotypes 17 1. 2. 5 Immunoglobulin synthesis 17 1. 2. 6 Immunoglobulin purification 18 - Salt precipitation 20 - Gel filtration 20 - Ion exchange chromatography 20 - Immuno affinity fractionation 23 1. 3 Antibody production 24 Immunogenicity and antigenicity 24 1. 3. 1 Adjuvants 25 1. 3. 2 26 1. 3. 3 Immunization 1. 3. 4 Polyclonal antibodies 28 1. 3. 5 Monoclonal antibodies 29 1. 4 Antigen-antibody reaction 32 1. 4. 1 Specificity and affinity 32 1. 4. 2 Antigen-antibody reaction in liqUid phase 33 1. 4. 3 Antigen-antibody reaction in gel 34 1. 4. 4 Use of an immobilized phase 34 1. 5 Immunoassays 36 1. 5. 1 Assays based on precipitating antigen-antibody systems 36 I. 5. 1. 1 In liquid 37 37 - the ring test 3 ImmW100ssays in Food and Agriculture - the quantitative antigen-antibody precipitation in liquid 38 - agglutination and hemagglutination - nephelometIy and turbidimetIy 40 - Farr assay 42 1. 5. 1. 2 Immunoassays based on precipitating 43 antigen-antibody systems in gel 1. 5. 1. 2.