Alain Durand-Lasserve – författare

Security of land tenure for the urban poor is now a major problem for developing cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This book presents and analyzes the main conclusions of a comparative research programme on land tenure issues. It looks at how solutions can be found and implemented to respond to the demands and needs of the majority of squatters and informal settlements, and analyzes how urban stakeholders, with different social, legal and economic constraints, find innovative and flexible solutions. The book is intended to fill a gap in the literature on comparative research on tenure policies and should be useful to researchers and professionals involved in defining and instigating tenure upgrading policies and programmes.

Security of land tenure for the urban poor is now a major problem for developing cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This book presents and analyzes the main conclusions of a comparative research programme on land tenure issues. It looks at how solutions can be found and implemented to respond to the demands and needs of the majority of squatters and informal settlements, and analyzes how urban stakeholders, with different social, legal and economic constraints, find innovative and flexible solutions. The book is intended to fill a gap in the literature on comparative research on tenure policies and should be useful to researchers and professionals involved in defining and instigating tenure upgrading policies and programmes.

Urban and peri-urban land markets in rapidly expanding West African cities operate  within  and  across  different  coexisting  tenure  regimes  and  involve complex procedures to obtain or make land available for housing. Because a  structured  framework  lacks  for  the  analysis  of  such  systems,  this  book proposes a systemic approach and applies it to Bamako and its surrounding areas.  The  framework  revolves  around  the  description  of  land  delivery channels:  starting  from  the  status  of  tenure  when  the  land  is  first  placed in circulation for residential use, it identifies the processes whereby tenure can be improved, the types of transactions that take place along the way, and interactions between land delivery channels.The analysis of the system shows that  land  is  initially  provided  through  a  customary  land  delivery  channel-which predominates in peri-urban areas where land is being transformed from agricultural to residential use--and through a public and para-public channel, which involves the administrative allocation of residential plots to inhabitants and the transfer of land to developers. These two channels feed into the formal private channel which delivers serviced plots with ownership title  at  much  higher  prices.  Plots  in  the  various  channels  may  be  traded successively, with a degree of informality varying according to tenure, legality and  registration  of  transactions.  Whereas  the  development  of  the  formal market is hindered by structural factors, the informal land market provides little  tenure  security.  Targeted  towards  low  and  middle-incomes,  it  also attracts wealthy and well-connected buyers who have access to information and administrative and political power and can more easily formalize tenure.The  sustained  increase  in  land  prices,  numerous  conflicts  over  land,  high transaction  costs  and  time-consuming  formalization  procedures,  together with the involvement of a large number of stakeholders, combine to reduce affordability significantly and make access to secure land very difficult for the urban poor.

Les marchés fonciers urbains et périurbains des villes d’Afrique de l’Ouest en expansion rapide opèrent dans des contextes où coexistent des régimes fonciers différents et où les procédures d’accès aux terrains sont complexes. Un  cadre  d’analyse  faisant  défaut  jusqu’ici,  ce  livre  propose  une  approche systémique et l'applique à  la zone urbaine et périurbaine de Bamako et à  son hinterland rural. La méthode repose sur une analyse des différentes filières d’approvisionnement en terres et identifie, depuis la mise en circulation des terres agricoles pour répondre aux besoins en terrains à  usage résidentiel, les  changements  de  tenure  et  types  de  transactions  qui  accompagnent  le passage aux terrains urbains, ainsi que les interactions entre les différentes filières. L'analyse montre que l’approvisionnement en terre est à  l’origine assurée par la filière coutumière, qui prédomine dans les zones périurbaines, et par la filière publique et parapublique où l’État alloue des terrains à  usage d’habitation aux individus ou les cède à  des sociétés de promotion foncière et  immobilières.  Ces  filières  alimentent  la  filière  privée  formelle  qui  met ensuite sur le marché, à  des prix élevés, des parcelles viabilisées avec titre de  propriété.  Les  parcelles  peuvent  être  cédées  successivement,  avec  un degré d'informalité qui dépend de la tenure, de la légalité de la transaction et de son enregistrement. Alors que le développement du marché formel est entravé  par  des  facteurs  structurels,  le  marché  foncier  informel  offre  peu de  sécurité.

Security of land tenure for the urban poor is now a major problem for developing cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This book presents and analyzes the main conclusions of a comparative research programme on land tenure issues. It looks at how solutions can be found and implemented to respond to the demands and needs of the majority of squatters and informal settlements, and analyzes how urban stakeholders, with different social, legal and economic constraints, find innovative and flexible solutions. The book is intended to fill a gap in the literature on comparative research on tenure policies and should be useful to researchers and professionals involved in defining and instigating tenure upgrading policies and programmes.