Albert Furrer - Böcker

This text reviews the results obtained in the 1990s for layered copper-oxide high-temperature superconductors by neutron scattering techniques. The following topics are thoroughly introduced, methodically discussed and highlighted with the most important results by acknowledged experts in their respective fields: static and dynamical properties of the crystal lattice (oxygen site occupation, charge transfer, charge-stripe order, phonon dispersions and density-of-states), static and dynamical magnetic correlations (phase diagrams, 2D and 3D magnetic ordering, spin waves and spin fluctuations, crystal-field excitations) and the structure of the flux-line lattice (field and temperature dependence). The 2D features of the copper-oxide perovskites are found to be essential for achieving high-temperature superconductivity by doping. The book addresses an interdisciplinary audience, both specialists and those entering the field. Emphasis is put on the fundamental properties; however, technological applications are evidently emerging from these basics.

This is the first book which reviews the most important results obtained in the past decade for layered copper-oxide high-temperature superconductors by neutron scattering techniques. The following topics are thoroughly introduced, methodically discussed and highlighted with the most important results by acknowledged experts in their respective fields: static and dynamical properties of the crystal lattice (oxygen site occupation, charge transfer, charge-stripe order, phonon dispersions and density-of-states), static and dynamical magnetic correlations (phase diagrams, 2D and 3D magnetic ordering, spin waves and spin fluctuations, crystal-field excitations) and the structure of the flux-line lattice (field and temperature dependence). The 2D features of the copper-oxide perovskites are found to be essential for achieving high-temperature superconductivity by doping. The book addresses an interdisciplinary audience, both specialists and those entering the field. Emphasis is put on the fundamental properties; however, technological applications are evidently emerging from these basics.

This volume provides a topical survey of the static and dynamic properties of hydrogen in both metallic and inorganic materials studied by neutron scattering which has been the key technique in this field for a long time. The static aspects deal with the localization of hydrogen in a variety of materials including the technically important metal hydrides, zeolites, and superionic conductors. The dynamic aspects concentrate on local modes, hydrogen bonds, tunneling, and diffusion. All these topics are thoroughly introduced, methodically discussed, and highlighted with recent experimental results by acknowledged experts.

The proceedings provide a topical survey of the static and dynamical magnetic properties of condensed matter studied by neutron scattering which has been the key technique in this field for a long time. The static aspects deal with the determination of long-range ordered spin structures and magnetization densities. The dynamic aspects concentrate on the determination of magnetic excitations such as spin waves and crystal-field transitions. The use of polarized-neutron techniques is particularly emphasized. All these topics are thoroughly introduced, methodically discussed, and highlighted with recent experimental results obtained for a vast variety of magnetic materials (e.g., strongly correlated electron systems, multilayers, nanocrystals, molecular complexes, etc.) by acknowledged experts. Other experimental methods (x-ray scattering, muon spin rotation) in the study of magnetism are compared to neutron scattering.

Understanding and manipulating the properties of materials naturally occurring in our world and artificially produced by modern technologies requires detailed information on their properties on the atomic scale. This information is the basis for any kind of research in physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, metallurgy, and ceramics. Among the various experimental methods, neutron and photon scattering have become the key techniques of choice.This book provides an overview of the complementarity between neutron and synchrotron x-ray scattering. The most important topics are covered, including structure determination, magnetic correlations, polymer dynamics, thin films and multilayers, photoemission studies, etc; they are thoroughly introduced and discussed by experts from both the experimental and the theoretical side.

This book provides ideas on what neutron scattering could look like in the next millennium. In particular, nonconventional, unusual or innovative neutron scattering experiments (from both the scientific and the instrumental point of view) are described which either have novel applications or provide a new insight into science and technology. Chapters on theoretical aspects are adequately included. The scientific and technical areas cover the following topics: novel neutron scattering techniques and perspectives in neutron scattering instrumentation (including sample environment); soft condensed matter, particularly colloids and polymers; materials science and industrial applications; structure and dynamics of multilayers and nanocrystalline materials; dynamical aspects and quantum effects in molecular magnets; strongly correlated electron systems, with emphasis on dynamic correlations in low-dimensional magnets. All these topics are thoroughly introduced and discussed by acknowledged experts.

This book provides an introduction to the basic principles of neutron scattering and its application to current problems in condensed matter science and technology. Experiments on novel materials are particularly emphasized.

Neutron scattering has become a key technique for investigating the properties of materials on an atomic scale. The uniqueness of this method is based on the fact that the wavelength and energy of thermal neutrons ideally match interatomic distances and excitation energies in condensed matter, and thus neutron scattering is able to directly examine the static and dynamic properties of the material. In addition, neutrons carry a magnetic moment, which makes them a unique probe for detecting magnetic phenomena.In this important book, an introduction to the basic principles and instrumental aspects of neutron scattering is provided, and the most important phenomena and materials properties in condensed matter physics are described and exemplified by typical neutron scattering experiments, with emphasis on explaining how the relevant information can be extracted from the measurements.