Alberto Carramiñana – författare

This book is one result from the 1996 Millimeter-wave Summer School held at the Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica (INAOE), Tonantz- intla, Puebla, Mexico. In collaboration with the University of Massachusetts, INAOE has embarked upon the ambitious project of building the world's largest filled aperture millimeter-wave telescope - the Large Millimeter-wave Tele- scope (LMT), or Gran Telescopio Milimetrico (GTM). The LMT is currently the largest scientific project in Mexico. The summer school had a dual purpose; first, to introduce the Mexican as- tronomical and physics communities to millimeter wavelength astronomy, and second, to provide a forum for a review of several important aspects of the state of the art in observations, theory, interpretation, and technology relevant to this branch of astronomy. The summer school had 18 invited speakers and 44 par- ticipants. The scientific organizing committee (SOC) consisted of Luis Carrasco (UNAM/INAOE, Mexico), Paul Goldsmith (NAIC, Cornell Univ., USA), and Andy Harris (Univ. of Maryland, USA).Members of the local organizing com- mittee (LOC) were Alberto Carramiiiana (INAOE), Emmanuel Mendez Palma (INAOE), Mari Paz Miralles (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA), and William Wall (INAOE).

This work is dedicated to unidentified celestial gamma-ray sources. The launch of the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory allowed the first all-sky surveys in gamma-rays, the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation. The Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope discovered more than 270 sources of high-energy protons, more than half of which are not identified with known celestial objects. Most of these objects belong to the Milky Way and more than one class of sources are present among the unidentified sources. Unravelling the nature of all these objects requires the combination of different sorts of instruments, like radio telescopes, optical telescopes, and X-ray satellites, together with the next generations of space and ground-based gamma-ray telescopes. This book presents the knowledge on the subject and outlines strategies for identification of objects with current astronomical facilities. It provides a forward look by outlining the prospects of future generation gamma-ray telescopes. The contributions are detailed and represent valuable material for undergraduate and postgraduate astrophysics students and researchers in the field.

TheverysmallandtheverylargeareintimatelyconnectedinNature. Particle physics and astrophysics meet in fundamental questions: the structure and evolution of stars; their end and how this is manifested; how we think galaxies are created from matter we have yet to discover and why we believe the most energetic particles cannot come from the most distant universe. During the IV Escuela Mexicana de Astrof´ ?sica (EMA-2005), held in the beautiful colonial city of Morelia between 18 and 23 July 2005, we reviewed and explored the numerous connections between astrophysics and particle physics. The core of the school program, aimed to advanced postgraduated students and young researchers in physics and astrophysics, was formed by half a dozen extended lecture courses delivered by recognized experts in their ?elds. Thewrittenversionsofthesecoursesbecamethemainsubstanceofthis book. Three review talks were devoted to the techniques and results of novel astronomical windows of the XX and XXI centuries: radioastronomy, gam- ray astronomy and gravitational wave astronomy. This volume includes also six short contributions, presented as single talks during the EMA-2005, - amples of experimental and theoretical research work presently conducted in M´ exico and Latin-America. This book is the ?nal product of a two year process centered on the EMA- 2005. We believe it will serve as a guide not just to the participants but also to the communities of all interrelated ?elds.

TheverysmallandtheverylargeareintimatelyconnectedinNature. Particle physics and astrophysics meet in fundamental questions: the structure and evolution of stars; their end and how this is manifested; how we think galaxies are created from matter we have yet to discover and why we believe the most energetic particles cannot come from the most distant universe. During the IV Escuela Mexicana de Astrof´ ?sica (EMA-2005), held in the beautiful colonial city of Morelia between 18 and 23 July 2005, we reviewed and explored the numerous connections between astrophysics and particle physics. The core of the school program, aimed to advanced postgraduated students and young researchers in physics and astrophysics, was formed by half a dozen extended lecture courses delivered by recognized experts in their ?elds. Thewrittenversionsofthesecoursesbecamethemainsubstanceofthis book. Three review talks were devoted to the techniques and results of novel astronomical windows of the XX and XXI centuries: radioastronomy, gam- ray astronomy and gravitational wave astronomy. This volume includes also six short contributions, presented as single talks during the EMA-2005, - amples of experimental and theoretical research work presently conducted in M´ exico and Latin-America. This book is the ?nal product of a two year process centered on the EMA- 2005. We believe it will serve as a guide not just to the participants but also to the communities of all interrelated ?elds.

TheverysmallandtheverylargeareintimatelyconnectedinNature. Particle physics and astrophysics meet in fundamental questions: the structure and evolution of stars; their end and how this is manifested; how we think galaxies are created from matter we have yet to discover and why we believe the most energetic particles cannot come from the most distant universe. During the IV Escuela Mexicana de Astrof´ ?sica (EMA-2005), held in the beautiful colonial city of Morelia between 18 and 23 July 2005, we reviewed and explored the numerous connections between astrophysics and particle physics. The core of the school program, aimed to advanced postgraduated students and young researchers in physics and astrophysics, was formed by half a dozen extended lecture courses delivered by recognized experts in their ?elds. Thewrittenversionsofthesecoursesbecamethemainsubstanceofthis book. Three review talks were devoted to the techniques and results of novel astronomical windows of the XX and XXI centuries: radioastronomy, gam- ray astronomy and gravitational wave astronomy. This volume includes also six short contributions, presented as single talks during the EMA-2005, - amples of experimental and theoretical research work presently conducted in M´ exico and Latin-America. This book is the ?nal product of a two year process centered on the EMA- 2005. We believe it will serve as a guide not just to the participants but also to the communities of all interrelated ?elds.

The Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instru­ ment on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory left as a legacy its Third Catalog of High Energy Gamma-Ray Sources, whose detections include a large number of blazars, some pulsars, the Large Magellanic Cloud and a solar flare. Most of the newly discovered objects - a majority of the catalog -are unidentified sources, with a clearly predominant Galactic population. Are all these radio-quiet pulsars, like Geminga, or is there a novel type of celestial object, awaiting identification? In spite of the limited angular resolution provided by EGRET and COMPTEL, there is still much to learn about unidentified ,-ray sources: correlation studies, multiwavelength observations and theoretical work can provide valuable clues, specially if these efforts are carried out in a coordinated manner. The aim of this workshop, held from October 9 to 11, 2000, at the Instituto N acional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica, at Tonantzintla, Mexico, was to gather experts on the subject, including observational as­ tronomers specialized in other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, in an effort to address the question of the Nature of Galactic high-energy gamma-ray sources, both from the theoretical and observational perspec­ tive, and elaborate schemes for future identification studies which can make use of existing and forthcoming facilities.

The Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instru­ ment on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory left as a legacy its Third Catalog of High Energy Gamma-Ray Sources, whose detections include a large number of blazars, some pulsars, the Large Magellanic Cloud and a solar flare. Most of the newly discovered objects - a majority of the catalog -are unidentified sources, with a clearly predominant Galactic population. Are all these radio-quiet pulsars, like Geminga, or is there a novel type of celestial object, awaiting identification? In spite of the limited angular resolution provided by EGRET and COMPTEL, there is still much to learn about unidentified ,-ray sources: correlation studies, multiwavelength observations and theoretical work can provide valuable clues, specially if these efforts are carried out in a coordinated manner. The aim of this workshop, held from October 9 to 11, 2000, at the Instituto N acional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica, at Tonantzintla, Mexico, was to gather experts on the subject, including observational as­ tronomers specialized in other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, in an effort to address the question of the Nature of Galactic high-energy gamma-ray sources, both from the theoretical and observational perspec­ tive, and elaborate schemes for future identification studies which can make use of existing and forthcoming facilities.

This book is one result from the 1996 Millimeter-wave Summer School held at the Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica (INAOE), Tonantz- intla, Puebla, Mexico. In collaboration with the University of Massachusetts, INAOE has embarked upon the ambitious project of building the world's largest filled aperture millimeter-wave telescope - the Large Millimeter-wave Tele- scope (LMT), or Gran Telescopio Milimetrico (GTM). The LMT is currently the largest scientific project in Mexico. The summer school had a dual purpose; first, to introduce the Mexican as- tronomical and physics communities to millimeter wavelength astronomy, and second, to provide a forum for a review of several important aspects of the state of the art in observations, theory, interpretation, and technology relevant to this branch of astronomy. The summer school had 18 invited speakers and 44 par- ticipants. The scientific organizing committee (SOC) consisted of Luis Carrasco (UNAM/INAOE, Mexico), Paul Goldsmith (NAIC, Cornell Univ., USA), and Andy Harris (Univ. of Maryland, USA).Members of the local organizing com- mittee (LOC) were Alberto Carramiiiana (INAOE), Emmanuel Mendez Palma (INAOE), Mari Paz Miralles (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA), and William Wall (INAOE).