Aldemaro Romero - Böcker

Biospeleology, the study of organisms that live in caves, has a tremendous potential to inform many aspects of modern biology; yet this area of knowledge remains largely anchored in neo-Lamarckian views of the natural world in both its approaches and jargon. Written for graduate students and academic researchers, this book provides a critical examination of current knowledge and ideas on cave biology, with emphasis on evolution, ecology, and conservation. Aldemaro Romero provides a historical analysis of ideas that have influenced biospeleology, discusses evolutionary phenomena in caves, from cave colonization to phenotypic and genotypic changes, and integrates concepts and knowledge from diverse biological viewpoints. He challenges the conventional wisdom regarding the biology of caves, and highlights urgent questions that should be addressed in order to get a better and more complete understanding of caves as ecosystems.

Biospeleology, the study of organisms that live in caves, has a tremendous potential to inform many aspects of modern biology; yet this area of knowledge remains largely anchored in neo-Lamarckian views of the natural world in both its approaches and jargon. Written for graduate students and academic researchers, this book provides a critical examination of current knowledge and ideas on cave biology, with emphasis on evolution, ecology, and conservation. Aldemaro Romero provides a historical analysis of ideas that have influenced biospeleology, discusses evolutionary phenomena in caves, from cave colonization to phenotypic and genotypic changes, and integrates concepts and knowledge from diverse biological viewpoints. He challenges the conventional wisdom regarding the biology of caves, and highlights urgent questions that should be addressed in order to get a better and more complete understanding of caves as ecosystems.

This volume delves into the mechanisms and early principles of developmental psychobiology, neurobiology, and behavioral ecology. It reflects the three mainstreams of the discipline of proximal and biographical influences: neural mediation; development and flexibility and functionally significant changes that occur in the habitats of many species; as well as how connections have been forged among the disciplines.

We began this book with a simple goal— to assemble a collection of readings for an undergraduate interdisciplinary course taught by one of us (AR) at Macalester College. This course explored environmental problems and solutions in Latin America and the Caribbean using both natural science and social science methods. After a literature search failed to produce an anthology of interdisciplinary readings appropriate for the course, we set out to compile one. We sought papers that dealt with the most salient environmental problems in the region, that were written by experts, and that were appropriate for undergraduate students. Most importantly, we sought papers that clearly demonstrate the contributions that experts from one discipline can make to analysis in another discipline. We sought papers that, for example, show how biological species assessments can be used to inform the politics of biodiversity conservation. We sought papers that show how economic analysis can be used to predict the likely effects of human behavior on ecosystems. We sought papers that pay close attention to how institutions, both national and international, affect the outcome of environmental initiatives. To find essays that fit our needs, we sent out a world-wide call for papers, chose the most promising submissions, and subjected these submissions to peer review. The twelve approved essays represent the work of researchers from Latin America and the Caribbean, the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. All the authors have direct experience with Latin America and the Caribbean and the region's problems.

The information on their carp species will be invaluable to those in other countries who will either take advantage of the productive carp species in aquaculture or try to manage them as invasive species outside China.

Hypogean (cave, artesian) fishes have fascinated researchers even before they were described in the scientific literature in 1842. Since then, a number of scientists have used them to justify their own evolutionary ideas, from neo-Lamarckism to neo-Darwinism, from neutral evolution to selectionist approaches. Research in recent years has shown that these fishes are much more complex in their adaptations to the subterranean environment than previously believed: there are those with features expected from living in total darkness (complete blindness and depigmentation) and poor in nutrients (extremely low metabolic rates); others differ very little, if any, from their epigean (surface) ancestors in their morphology and physiology (but not so in their behavior). Some of them even live in nutrient-rich environments. Actually, one of the most overlooked facets of these animals is that there are more species of hypogean fishes without troglomorphisms (blindness, depigmentation) than with troglomorphic ones. The study of these apparently `unadapted' fishes is providing new insights into our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic characters, founding effect, behavioral, and physiological adaptations. The 86 species of troglomorphic fishes described so far belong to 18 different families, many of which would hardly fit the notion that they were 'preadapted' to conquer the underground environment. Further, many troglomorphic `species' show very little genotypic differentiation when compared with their putative ancestors, indicating that massive phenotype changes can be achieved via little genetic reorganization, a reorganization that mostly affects regulatory genes. These and many other topics are discussed in this volume containing 29 papers, written by 41 authors from 9 countries. Hopefully, this volume will convince many other researchers that hypogean fishes represent a unique opportunity to study a concept in evolutionary biology that is only superficially understood: convergent evolution.

We began this book with a simple goal— to assemble a collection of readings for an undergraduate interdisciplinary course taught by one of us (AR) at Macalester College. This course explored environmental problems and solutions in Latin America and the Caribbean using both natural science and social science methods. After a literature search failed to produce an anthology of interdisciplinary readings appropriate for the course, we set out to compile one. We sought papers that dealt with the most salient environmental problems in the region, that were written by experts, and that were appropriate for undergraduate students. Most importantly, we sought papers that clearly demonstrate the contributions that experts from one discipline can make to analysis in another discipline. We sought papers that, for example, show how biological species assessments can be used to inform the politics of biodiversity conservation. We sought papers that show how economic analysis can be used to predict the likely effects of human behavior on ecosystems. We sought papers that pay close attention to how institutions, both national and international, affect the outcome of environmental initiatives. To find essays that fit our needs, we sent out a world-wide call for papers, chose the most promising submissions, and subjected these submissions to peer review. The twelve approved essays represent the work of researchers from Latin America and the Caribbean, the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. All the authors have direct experience with Latin America and the Caribbean and the region's problems.

The information on their carp species will be invaluable to those in other countries who will either take advantage of the productive carp species in aquaculture or try to manage them as invasive species outside China.