This book is related to the educational networking (EN) domain, an incipient but disrupting trend engaged in extending and improving formal and informal academic practices by means of the support given by online social networks (OSNs) and Web 2.0 technologies. With the aim of contributing to spread the knowledge and development of the arena, this volume introduces ten recent works, whose content meets the quality criteria of formal scientific labor that is worthy to be published according to following five categories:

·         Projects: inform a couple of initiatives, where one fosters groups and networks for teachers involved in distance education, and the other encourages students the author academic videos to improve motivation and engagement.

·         Approaches: offer three experiences related to: Wiki and Blog usage for assessment affairs, application of a method that encourages OSNs users to actively post and repost valuable information for the learning community, and the recreation of learning spaces in context–aware to boost EN.

·         Study: applies an own method to ranking Mexican universities based on maximal clique, giving as a result a series of complex visual networks that characterize the tides among diverse features that describe academic institutions practice.

In resume, this volumeoffers a fresh reference of an emergent field that contributes to spreading and enhancing the provision of education in classrooms and online settings through social constructivism and collaboration policy. Thus, it is expected the published content encourages researchers, practitioners, professors, and postgraduate students to consider their future contribution to extent the scope and impact of EN in formal and informal teaching and learning endeavors.

This book is devoted to the Educational Data Mining arena. It highlights works that show relevant proposals, developments, and achievements that shape trends and inspire future research. After a rigorous revision process sixteen manuscripts were accepted and organized into four parts as follows:

·     Profile: The first part embraces three chapters oriented to: 1) describe the nature of educational data mining (EDM); 2) describe how to pre-process raw data to facilitate data mining (DM); 3) explain how EDM supports government policies to enhance education.

·     Student modeling: The second part contains five chapters concerned with: 4) explore the factors having an impact on the student''s academic success; 5) detect student''s personality and behaviors in an educational game; 6) predict students performance to adjust content and strategies; 7) identify students who will most benefit from tutor support; 8) hypothesize the student answer correctness based on eye metrics and mouse click.

·     Assessment: The third part has four chapters related to: 9) analyze the coherence of student research proposals; 10) automatically generate tests based on competences; 11) recognize students activities and visualize these activities for being presented to teachers; 12) find the most dependent test items in students response data.

·     Trends: The fourth part encompasses four chapters about how to: 13) mine text for assessing students productions and supporting teachers; 14) scan student comments by statistical and text mining techniques; 15) sketch a social network analysis (SNA) to discover student behavior profiles and depict models about their collaboration; 16) evaluate the structure of interactions between the students in social networks.

This volume will be a source of interest to researchers, practitioners, professors, and postgraduate students aimed at updating their knowledgeand find targets for future work in the field of educational data mining.

This book is devoted to the Metacognition arena. It highlights works that show relevant analysis, reviews, theoretical, and methodological proposals, as well as studies, approaches, applications, and tools that shape current state, define trends and inspire future research. As a result of the revision process fourteen manuscripts were accepted and organized into five parts as follows:

· Conceptual: contains conceptual works oriented to: (1) review models of strategy instruction and tailor a hybrid strategy; (2) unveil second-order judgments and define a method to assess metacognitive judgments; (3) introduces a conceptual model to describe the metacognitive activity as an autopoietic system.

· Framework: offers three works concerned with: (4) stimulate metacognitive skills and self-regulatory functions; (5) evaluate metacognitive skills and self-regulated learning at problem solving; (6) deal with executive management metacognition and strategic knowledge metacognition.

· Studies: reports research related to: (7) uncover how metacognitive awareness of listening strategies bias listening proficiency; (8) unveil how metacognitive skills and motivation are achieved in science informal learning; (9) tackle stress at learning by means of coping strategies.

· Approaches: focus on the following targets: (10) social metacognition to support collaborative problem solving; (11) metacognitive skills to be stimulated in computer supported collaborative learning; (12) metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive experiences are essential for teaching practices.

· Tools: promotes the use of intelligent tutoring systems such as: (13) BioWorld allows learners to practice medical diagnostic by providing virtual patient cases; (14) MetaHistoReasoning provides examples to learners and inquiries about the causes of historical events.

This volume will be a source of interest for researchers, practitioners, professors, and postgraduate students aimed at updating their knowledge and finding targets for future work in the metacognition arena.

This book is concerned with the mobile, ubiquitous,and pervasive learning arena. Itpresent a collection of works corresponding to four categories: reviews,studies, conceptual proposals, and approaches. As a result of the submissionand revision processes eight manuscripts were accepted and organized into theaforementioned four parts as follows:

·Review: a couple of chapters offer asurvey of related works. One concerns with the diversity of mobile, ubiquitous,and pervasive labor, where interested findings are unveiled based oncorrelations. Other focuses on adaptive and adaptable architectures that aresuitable to implement ubiquitous learning sceneries, whose contributionrepresents a model of a domain specific architecture.

·Studies: two chapters explore issuesrelated to the effect of question styles made through smartphones and tablets,and the disposition of teachers to exploit mobile devices at classroom.

·Conceptual: a pair of chapters offer agiven proposal, the first to develop adaptive mobile learning systems by meansof a framework based on contextual information; and the second with the purposeto share some guidelines of how to apply cloud computing in the development andoperation of mobile.

·Approaches: two chapters apply aspecific paradigm as part of a whole application and reveal the achievedimpact. One of them uses augmented reality to encourage children to learn abouttrees as context-sensitive informal learning. The other, immerses children inplaying a learning game to learn math by cooperating between members team andinteracting through mobile devices.

This volume will be a source of interest forresearchers, practitioners, professors, and postgraduate students aimed atupdating their knowledge and finding targets for future work in the mobile,ubiquitous, and pervasive learning field!

This book provides a conceptual and empirical perspective on learning analytics, its goal being to disseminate the core concepts, research, and outcomes of this emergent field. Divided into nine chapters, it offers reviews oriented on selected topics, recent advances, and innovative applications. It presents the broad learning analytics landscape and in-depth studies on higher education, adaptive assessment, teaching and learning. In addition, it discusses valuable approaches to coping with personalization and huge data, as well as conceptual topics and specialized applications that have shaped the current state of the art.

By identifying fundamentals, highlighting applications, and pointing out current trends, the book offers an essential overview of learning analytics to enhance learning achievement in diverse educational settings. As such, it represents a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and students interested in updating their knowledge and finding inspirations for their future work.

The Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies book series encompasses the topics of knowledge, intelligence, innovation and sustainability. The aim of the series is to make available a platform for the publication of books on all aspects of single and multi-disciplinary research on these themes in order to make the latest results available in a readily-accessible form. 

This book is devoted to the “Intelligent and Adaptive Educational-Learning Systems”. It privileges works that highlight key achievements and outline trends to inspire future research.  After a rigorous revision process twenty manuscripts were accepted and organized into four parts: Modeling, Content, Virtuality and Applications.

This volume is of interest to researchers, practitioners, professors and postgraduate students aimed to update their knowledge and find out targets for future work in the field of artificial intelligence on education.

This book describes theoretical elements, practical approaches, and specialized tools that systematically organize, characterize, and analyze big data gathered from educational affairs and settings. Moreover, the book shows several inference criteria to leverage and produce descriptive, explanatory, and predictive closures to study and understand education phenomena at in classroom and online environments.

This is why diverse researchers and scholars contribute with valuable chapters to ground with well-–sounded theoretical and methodological constructs in the novel field of Educational Data Science (EDS), which examines academic big data repositories, as well as to introduces systematic reviews, reveals valuable insights, and promotes its application to extend its practice. 

EDS as a transdisciplinary field relies on statistics, probability, machine learning, data mining, and analytics, in addition to biological, psychological, and neurological knowledge aboutlearning science. With this in mind, the book is devoted to those that are in charge of educational management, educators, pedagogues, academics, computer technologists, researchers, and postgraduate students, who pursue to acquire a conceptual, formal, and practical landscape of how to deploy EDS to build proactive, real- time, and reactive applications that personalize education, enhance teaching, and improve learning!

Chapter “Sync Ratio and Cluster Heat Map for Visualizing Student Engagement” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book is related to the educational networking (EN) domain, an incipient but disrupting trend engaged in extending and improving formal and informal academic practices by means of the support given by online social networks (OSNs) and Web 2.0 technologies. With the aim of contributing to spread the knowledge and development of the arena, this volume introduces ten recent works, whose content meets the quality criteria of formal scientific labor that is worthy to be published according to following five categories:

·         Projects: inform a couple of initiatives, where one fosters groups and networks for teachers involved in distance education, and the other encourages students the author academic videos to improve motivation and engagement.

·         Approaches: offer three experiences related to: Wiki and Blog usage for assessment affairs, application of a method that encourages OSNs users to actively post and repost valuable information for the learning community, and the recreation of learning spaces in context–aware to boost EN.

·         Study: applies an own method to ranking Mexican universities based on maximal clique, giving as a result a series of complex visual networks that characterize the tides among diverse features that describe academic institutions practice.

In resume, this volumeoffers a fresh reference of an emergent field that contributes to spreading and enhancing the provision of education in classrooms and online settings through social constructivism and collaboration policy. Thus, it is expected the published content encourages researchers, practitioners, professors, and postgraduate students to consider their future contribution to extent the scope and impact of EN in formal and informal teaching and learning endeavors.

This book is devoted to the Educational Data Mining arena. It highlights works that show relevant proposals, developments, and achievements that shape trends and inspire future research. After a rigorous revision process sixteen manuscripts were accepted and organized into four parts as follows:

·     Profile: The first part embraces three chapters oriented to: 1) describe the nature of educational data mining (EDM); 2) describe how to pre-process raw data to facilitate data mining (DM); 3) explain how EDM supports government policies to enhance education.

·     Student modeling: The second part contains five chapters concerned with: 4) explore the factors having an impact on the student''s academic success; 5) detect student''s personality and behaviors in an educational game; 6) predict students performance to adjust content and strategies; 7) identify students who will most benefit from tutor support; 8) hypothesize the student answer correctness based on eye metrics and mouse click.

·     Assessment: The third part has four chapters related to: 9) analyze the coherence of student research proposals; 10) automatically generate tests based on competences; 11) recognize students activities and visualize these activities for being presented to teachers; 12) find the most dependent test items in students response data.

·     Trends: The fourth part encompasses four chapters about how to: 13) mine text for assessing students productions and supporting teachers; 14) scan student comments by statistical and text mining techniques; 15) sketch a social network analysis (SNA) to discover student behavior profiles and depict models about their collaboration; 16) evaluate the structure of interactions between the students in social networks.

This volume will be a source of interest to researchers, practitioners, professors, and postgraduate students aimed at updating their knowledgeand find targets for future work in the field of educational data mining.

This book is devoted to the Metacognition arena. It highlights works that show relevant analysis, reviews, theoretical, and methodological proposals, as well as studies, approaches, applications, and tools that shape current state, define trends and inspire future research. As a result of the revision process fourteen manuscripts were accepted and organized into five parts as follows:

· Conceptual: contains conceptual works oriented to: (1) review models of strategy instruction and tailor a hybrid strategy; (2) unveil second-order judgments and define a method to assess metacognitive judgments; (3) introduces a conceptual model to describe the metacognitive activity as an autopoietic system.

· Framework: offers three works concerned with: (4) stimulate metacognitive skills and self-regulatory functions; (5) evaluate metacognitive skills and self-regulated learning at problem solving; (6) deal with executive management metacognition and strategic knowledge metacognition.

· Studies: reports research related to: (7) uncover how metacognitive awareness of listening strategies bias listening proficiency; (8) unveil how metacognitive skills and motivation are achieved in science informal learning; (9) tackle stress at learning by means of coping strategies.

· Approaches: focus on the following targets: (10) social metacognition to support collaborative problem solving; (11) metacognitive skills to be stimulated in computer supported collaborative learning; (12) metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive experiences are essential for teaching practices.

· Tools: promotes the use of intelligent tutoring systems such as: (13) BioWorld allows learners to practice medical diagnostic by providing virtual patient cases; (14) MetaHistoReasoning provides examples to learners and inquiries about the causes of historical events.

This volume will be a source of interest for researchers, practitioners, professors, and postgraduate students aimed at updating their knowledge and finding targets for future work in the metacognition arena.

This book is concerned with the mobile, ubiquitous,and pervasive learning arena. Itpresent a collection of works corresponding to four categories: reviews,studies, conceptual proposals, and approaches. As a result of the submissionand revision processes eight manuscripts were accepted and organized into theaforementioned four parts as follows:

·Review: a couple of chapters offer asurvey of related works. One concerns with the diversity of mobile, ubiquitous,and pervasive labor, where interested findings are unveiled based oncorrelations. Other focuses on adaptive and adaptable architectures that aresuitable to implement ubiquitous learning sceneries, whose contributionrepresents a model of a domain specific architecture.

·Studies: two chapters explore issuesrelated to the effect of question styles made through smartphones and tablets,and the disposition of teachers to exploit mobile devices at classroom.

·Conceptual: a pair of chapters offer agiven proposal, the first to develop adaptive mobile learning systems by meansof a framework based on contextual information; and the second with the purposeto share some guidelines of how to apply cloud computing in the development andoperation of mobile.

·Approaches: two chapters apply aspecific paradigm as part of a whole application and reveal the achievedimpact. One of them uses augmented reality to encourage children to learn abouttrees as context-sensitive informal learning. The other, immerses children inplaying a learning game to learn math by cooperating between members team andinteracting through mobile devices.

This volume will be a source of interest forresearchers, practitioners, professors, and postgraduate students aimed atupdating their knowledge and finding targets for future work in the mobile,ubiquitous, and pervasive learning field!

This book provides a conceptual and empirical perspective on learning analytics, its goal being to disseminate the core concepts, research, and outcomes of this emergent field. Divided into nine chapters, it offers reviews oriented on selected topics, recent advances, and innovative applications. It presents the broad learning analytics landscape and in-depth studies on higher education, adaptive assessment, teaching and learning. In addition, it discusses valuable approaches to coping with personalization and huge data, as well as conceptual topics and specialized applications that have shaped the current state of the art.

By identifying fundamentals, highlighting applications, and pointing out current trends, the book offers an essential overview of learning analytics to enhance learning achievement in diverse educational settings. As such, it represents a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and students interested in updating their knowledge and finding inspirations for their future work.

The Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies book series encompasses the topics of knowledge, intelligence, innovation and sustainability. The aim of the series is to make available a platform for the publication of books on all aspects of single and multi-disciplinary research on these themes in order to make the latest results available in a readily-accessible form. 

This book is devoted to the “Intelligent and Adaptive Educational-Learning Systems”. It privileges works that highlight key achievements and outline trends to inspire future research.  After a rigorous revision process twenty manuscripts were accepted and organized into four parts: Modeling, Content, Virtuality and Applications.

This volume is of interest to researchers, practitioners, professors and postgraduate students aimed to update their knowledge and find out targets for future work in the field of artificial intelligence on education.

This book describes theoretical elements, practical approaches, and specialized tools that systematically organize, characterize, and analyze big data gathered from educational affairs and settings. Moreover, the book shows several inference criteria to leverage and produce descriptive, explanatory, and predictive closures to study and understand education phenomena at in classroom and online environments.

This is why diverse researchers and scholars contribute with valuable chapters to ground with well-–sounded theoretical and methodological constructs in the novel field of Educational Data Science (EDS), which examines academic big data repositories, as well as to introduces systematic reviews, reveals valuable insights, and promotes its application to extend its practice. 

EDS as a transdisciplinary field relies on statistics, probability, machine learning, data mining, and analytics, in addition to biological, psychological, and neurological knowledge aboutlearning science. With this in mind, the book is devoted to those that are in charge of educational management, educators, pedagogues, academics, computer technologists, researchers, and postgraduate students, who pursue to acquire a conceptual, formal, and practical landscape of how to deploy EDS to build proactive, real- time, and reactive applications that personalize education, enhance teaching, and improve learning!

Chapter “Sync Ratio and Cluster Heat Map for Visualizing Student Engagement” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.