Ali M. Niknejad – författare

The modern wireless communication industry has put great demands on circuit designers for smaller, cheaper transceivers in the gigahertz frequency range. One tool which has assisted designers in satisfying these requirements is the use of on-chip inductiveelements (inductors and transformers) in silicon (Si) radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits (ICs). These elements allow greatly improved levels of performance in Si monolithic low-noise amplifiers, power amplifiers, up-conversion and down-conversion mixers and local oscillators. Inductors can be used to improve the intermodulation distortion performance and noise figure of small-signal amplifiers and mixers. In addition, the gain of amplifier stages can be enhanced and the realization of low-cost on-chip local oscillators with good phase noise characteristics is made feasible. In order to reap these benefits, it is essential that the IC designer be able to predict and optimize the characteristics of on-chip inductiveelements. Accurate knowledge of inductance values, quality factor (Q) and the influence of ad- cent elements (on-chip proximity effects) and substrate losses is essential. In this book the analysis, modeling and application of on-chip inductive elements is considered. Using analyses based on Maxwells equations, an accurate and efficient technique is developed to model these elements over a wide frequency range. Energy loss to the conductive substrate is modeled through several mechanisms, including electrically induced displacement and conductive c- rents and by magnetically induced eddy currents. These techniques have been compiled in a user-friendly software tool ASITIC (Analysis and Simulation of Inductors and Transformers for Integrated Circuits).

Seven years ago research in the ?eld of mm-wave silicon was virtually non-existent. Fewpeoplethoughtthatoperationat60GHzwasevenfeasibleinsilicontechnology. Inthecourseofsevenyearsthe topichastransitionedfromanobscureresearchtopic to an exciting buzzword (60GHz) that has generated much interest from industry and the venture community.To put things in historical perspective, seven years ago most commercial efforts were focused on the 1-10 GHz spectrum for voice and data applications for mobile phones and portable computers. Many people were actively seeking solutions to the “last mile” problem, or a way to deliver high speed data to users in their homes and of?ces throughcable, telephone, or wireless infrastructure. At the same time, the explosive growth of wireless data such as WiFi spurred s- ni?cant research into and development of new architectures for radio transceivers that could deliver very high data rates over short ranges, particularly for video and personal area networks. Thisproblem can be viewed as the “last meter” or even the “last inch” connection that delivers high bandwidth multimedia content to devices. The growth of MP3 media devices, and now handheld video devices, and the rapid adoptionofHDTV and ?at screentelevisions hascreateda healthydemandforte- nology that enables high speed wireless video transmission. For this reason, today we witness a very active interest in mm-wave silicon technology. Other important commercial applications include automotive radar for safety and improved driving experience. But these applications are only the tip of the iceberg.

Seven years ago research in the ?eld of mm-wave silicon was virtually non-existent. Fewpeoplethoughtthatoperationat60GHzwasevenfeasibleinsilicontechnology. Inthecourseofsevenyearsthe topichastransitionedfromanobscureresearchtopic to an exciting buzzword (60GHz) that has generated much interest from industry and the venture community.To put things in historical perspective, seven years ago most commercial efforts were focused on the 1-10 GHz spectrum for voice and data applications for mobile phones and portable computers. Many people were actively seeking solutions to the “last mile” problem, or a way to deliver high speed data to users in their homes and of?ces throughcable, telephone, or wireless infrastructure. At the same time, the explosive growth of wireless data such as WiFi spurred s- ni?cant research into and development of new architectures for radio transceivers that could deliver very high data rates over short ranges, particularly for video and personal area networks. Thisproblem can be viewed as the “last meter” or even the “last inch” connection that delivers high bandwidth multimedia content to devices. The growth of MP3 media devices, and now handheld video devices, and the rapid adoptionofHDTV and ?at screentelevisions hascreateda healthydemandforte- nology that enables high speed wireless video transmission. For this reason, today we witness a very active interest in mm-wave silicon technology. Other important commercial applications include automotive radar for safety and improved driving experience. But these applications are only the tip of the iceberg.

Modern communications technology demands smaller, faster and more efficient circuits. This book reviews the fundamentals of electromagnetism in passive and active circuit elements, highlighting various effects and potential problems in designing a new circuit. The author begins with a review of the basics - the origin of resistance, capacitance, and inductance - then progresses to more advanced topics such as passive device design and layout, resonant circuits, impedance matching, high-speed switching circuits, and parasitic coupling and isolation techniques. Using examples and applications in RF and microwave systems, the author describes transmission lines, transformers, and distributed circuits. State-of-the-art developments in Si based broadband analog, RF, microwave, and mm-wave circuits are reviewed. With up-to-date results, techniques, practical examples, illustrations and worked examples, this book will be valuable to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of electrical engineering, and practitioners in the IC design industry. Further resources for this title are available at www.cambridge.org/9780521853507.

The modern wireless communication industry has put great demands on circuit designers for smaller, cheaper transceivers in the gigahertz frequency range. One tool which has assisted designers in satisfying these requirements is the use of on-chip inductiveelements (inductors and transformers) in silicon (Si) radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits (ICs). These elements allow greatly improved levels of performance in Si monolithic low-noise amplifiers, power amplifiers, up-conversion and down-conversion mixers and local oscillators. Inductors can be used to improve the intermodulation distortion performance and noise figure of small-signal amplifiers and mixers. In addition, the gain of amplifier stages can be enhanced and the realization of low-cost on-chip local oscillators with good phase noise characteristics is made feasible. In order to reap these benefits, it is essential that the IC designer be able to predict and optimize the characteristics of on-chip inductiveelements. Accurate knowledge of inductance values, quality factor (Q) and the influence of ad- cent elements (on-chip proximity effects) and substrate losses is essential. In this book the analysis, modeling and application of on-chip inductive elements is considered. Using analyses based on Maxwells equations, an accurate and efficient technique is developed to model these elements over a wide frequency range. Energy loss to the conductive substrate is modeled through several mechanisms, including electrically induced displacement and conductive c- rents and by magnetically induced eddy currents. These techniques have been compiled in a user-friendly software tool ASITIC (Analysis and Simulation of Inductors and Transformers for Integrated Circuits).

Discover the concepts, architectures, components, tools, and techniques needed to design millimeter-wave circuits for current and emerging wireless system applications. Focusing on applications in 5G, connectivity, radar, and more, leading experts in radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) design provide a comprehensive treatment of cutting-edge physical-layer technologies for radio frequency (RF) transceivers - specifically RF, analog, mixed-signal, and digital circuits and architectures. The full design chain is covered, from system design requirements through to building blocks, transceivers, and process technology. Gain insight into the key novelties of 5G through authoritative chapters on massive MIMO and phased arrays, and learn about the very latest technology developments, such as FinFET logic process technology for RF and millimeter-wave applications. This is an essential reading and an excellent reference for high-frequency circuit designers in both academia and industry.

Discover the concepts, architectures, components, tools, and techniques needed to design millimeter-wave circuits for current and emerging wireless system applications. Focusing on applications in 5G, connectivity, radar, and more, leading experts in radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) design provide a comprehensive treatment of cutting-edge physical-layer technologies for radio frequency (RF) transceivers - specifically RF, analog, mixed-signal, and digital circuits and architectures. The full design chain is covered, from system design requirements through to building blocks, transceivers, and process technology. Gain insight into the key novelties of 5G through authoritative chapters on massive MIMO and phased arrays, and learn about the very latest technology developments, such as FinFET logic process technology for RF and millimeter-wave applications. This is an essential reading and an excellent reference for high-frequency circuit designers in both academia and industry.

Discover the concepts, architectures, components, tools, and techniques needed to design millimeter-wave circuits for current and emerging wireless system applications. Focusing on applications in 5G, connectivity, radar, and more, leading experts in radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) design provide a comprehensive treatment of cutting-edge physical-layer technologies for radio frequency (RF) transceivers - specifically RF, analog, mixed-signal, and digital circuits and architectures. The full design chain is covered, from system design requirements through to building blocks, transceivers, and process technology. Gain insight into the key novelties of 5G through authoritative chapters on massive MIMO and phased arrays, and learn about the very latest technology developments, such as FinFET logic process technology for RF and millimeter-wave applications. This is an essential reading and an excellent reference for high-frequency circuit designers in both academia and industry.

Seven years ago research in the ?eld of mm-wave silicon was virtually non-existent. Fewpeoplethoughtthatoperationat60GHzwasevenfeasibleinsilicontechnology. Inthecourseofsevenyearsthe topichastransitionedfromanobscureresearchtopic to an exciting buzzword (60GHz) that has generated much interest from industry and the venture community.To put things in historical perspective, seven years ago most commercial efforts were focused on the 1-10 GHz spectrum for voice and data applications for mobile phones and portable computers. Many people were actively seeking solutions to the “last mile” problem, or a way to deliver high speed data to users in their homes and of?ces throughcable, telephone, or wireless infrastructure. At the same time, the explosive growth of wireless data such as WiFi spurred s- ni?cant research into and development of new architectures for radio transceivers that could deliver very high data rates over short ranges, particularly for video and personal area networks. Thisproblem can be viewed as the “last meter” or even the “last inch” connection that delivers high bandwidth multimedia content to devices. The growth of MP3 media devices, and now handheld video devices, and the rapid adoptionofHDTV and ?at screentelevisions hascreateda healthydemandforte- nology that enables high speed wireless video transmission. For this reason, today we witness a very active interest in mm-wave silicon technology. Other important commercial applications include automotive radar for safety and improved driving experience. But these applications are only the tip of the iceberg.