Allan M. Williams – författare

Migration is one of the driving forces of economic and social change in the modern world. It is both informed by risk and a generator of risk, whether for individuals, households, communities or societies. Although the relationship between migration and risk is widely acknowledged, it has long been neglected in academic research, with a few exceptions such as household diversification strategies. Instead, risk is assumed to be implicit in economic or social models, rather than being explicitly theorised or analysed. This book represents the first major review of these key relationships. It draws on a wide range of theories - from economics, psychology, sociology, anthropology and geography - and an equally broad range of empirical material, to provide a highly original overview.

Tourism has been identified as one of the few potential growth sectors in the mature economies. This volume provides a detailed study of the industry and of its contribution to economic development in Europe. This diverse region offers a wide range of examples of the potential and limitations of tourism as a vehicle for development, and of government policies for tourism. This, the third edition of the title includes a new country case study chapter on the Republic of Ireland. Together with the general review chapters and the existing ten country case studies the book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of tourism in Western Europe. A new chapter on Central and Eastern Europe broadens the reach of the book. The cases studies are modelled on similar formats and cover recent changes in domestic and foreign tourism, seasonal and regional concentration, the national and regional economic implications of tourism development, and tourism policies. All the authors are specialists on the tourism industries of the particular countries. They have access to the most recent data available on each case study, and place the study of tourism in the broader context of national developments. Contents* Introduction: tourism and uneven economic development Allan M. Williams and Gareth Shaw* Western European tourism in perspective Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams* Spain: from the phenomenon of mass tourism to the search for a more diversified model Manuel Valenzuela* Italy: diversified tourism Russell King and Armando Montanari* Greece: hesitant policy and uneven tourism development in the 1990s Lila Leontidou* Portugal: market segmentation and economic development Jim Lewis and Allan M. Williams* Switzerland: structural change within stability Andrew Gilg* Austria: contrasting tourist seasons and contrasting regions Friedrich Zimmermann* The United Kingdom: market trends and policy responses Gareth Shaw, Paul Thornton and Allan M. Williams* Republic of Ireland: an expanding tourism sector Desmond A. Gillmor* France: tourism comes of age John Tuppen* Germany: still a growing international deficit? Peter Schnell* Tourism in the Netherlands: resource development, regional impacts and issues David Pinder* Scandinavia: challenging nature Tommy Andersson and Morten Huse* Central and Eastern Europe: tourism, development and transformation Derek R. Hall* Tourism policies in a changing tourism environment Allan M. Williams and Gareth Shaw

As interest in environmental sustainability grows, this successful text has been fully revised and updated in order to show how tourism is currently reshaping human and physical environments around the world.

As interest in environmental sustainability grows, this successful text has been fully revised and updated in order to show how tourism is currently reshaping human and physical environments around the world.

The deepening social and territorial divisions within Europe are examined in this comprehensive and authoritative book.

Using a global perspective, the contributors argue that social and territorial cleavages are inextricably linked, and that only a detailed examination of economic, political and geographical differences can lead to a clearer understanding of the social tensions and inequalities that exist across Europe. Topics covered include: gender; age; social integration; citizenship; and migration and race in Europe's complex and changing territorial system.

The deepening social and territorial divisions within Europe are examined in this comprehensive and authoritative book.

Using a global perspective, the contributors argue that social and territorial cleavages are inextricably linked, and that only a detailed examination of economic, political and geographical differences can lead to a clearer understanding of the social tensions and inequalities that exist across Europe. Topics covered include: gender; age; social integration; citizenship; and migration and race in Europe's complex and changing territorial system.

This is a critical introduction to the relations between tourism, tourists, and tourism spaces. It fuses economic and cultural perspectives to explain how tourism is dependent on place and space, while at the same time as defining those places and spaces.

Examining different levels of scale - from local to global - Tourism and Tourism Spaces is informed by the discussion of three key processes:

- production and consumption of tourist spaces

- consumption and commodification of tourist experiences

- construction and reconstruction of tourist spaces

Each chapter engages with different theoretical perspectives; is illustrated with comparative examples and case studies; uses tables, boxes and figures throughout; and concludes with a summary.

An integrated and systematic review of a range of theoretical positions - that integrates economic and cultural - Tourism and Tourism Spaces will be a key resource for students of geography, sociology, management studies, hospitality studies, and leisure studies.

This is a critical introduction to the relations between tourism, tourists, and tourism spaces. It fuses economic and cultural perspectives to explain how tourism is dependent on place and space, while at the same time as defining those places and spaces.

Examining different levels of scale - from local to global - Tourism and Tourism Spaces is informed by the discussion of three key processes:

- production and consumption of tourist spaces

- consumption and commodification of tourist experiences

- construction and reconstruction of tourist spaces

Each chapter engages with different theoretical perspectives; is illustrated with comparative examples and case studies; uses tables, boxes and figures throughout; and concludes with a summary.

An integrated and systematic review of a range of theoretical positions - that integrates economic and cultural - Tourism and Tourism Spaces will be a key resource for students of geography, sociology, management studies, hospitality studies, and leisure studies.

Both visitor attractions and events play pivotal roles in the appeal of tourism destination regions to visitors by virtue of being the main motivator of tourist trips and determining consumers’ choices. However, more recently visitor attractions have become more multifaceted, have proliferated and fragmented in terms of form, location, scale and style, and their role is undergoing major changes in a post-modern world as a result of consumer demands and competitive innovations. Visitor Attractions and Events for the first time theoretically and empirically explores the relations between events and attractions to offer new thinking of the role of space and place in shaping development, management practices and strategies in the sector as well as future implications. The book reveals how location is pivotal in the development, planning, and management of visitor attractions and events. Whereas the location of natural attractions is relatively fixed in space and their locations cannot be predetermined or relocated, human-made or contrived attractions are more influenced by the planning process in the context of the locational decision-making process. Competition and cooperation between visitor attractions and the aspects which shape these relations, including complementarities, compatibility, knowledge spill overs and diffusion of innovations, product similarities and spatial proximity remain largely ignored in the visitor attraction sector and thus are major elements in the focus of this book. Comparative examples ranging from small to major attractions in a wide variety of locations are included.This significant volume will appeal widely to all those interested in the visitor sector, such as tourism, events, leisure studies, destination management and sociology.

This ground-breaking volume on the relationships between tourism and innovation provides an overview of relevant innovation theories and related literatures on entrepreneurship, productivity, regional development and competitiveness, and their significance to contemporary tourism practices. Innovation is a key concept in business and entrepreneurial studies and the broader social sciences. Yet, despite its policy and academic importance, historically little attention has been given to the role of innovation in tourism and the corresponding contribution of tourism-related human mobility to regional, firm, and product innovation. This book emphasises that innovation in tourism is much more than a series of technological innovations, as important as they are, and instead needs to be understood in an economic, social, and political context, with particular stress being placed on the extent to which innovations are shaped by the framework of governance and regulation, as well as by institutional factors and activities of individual actors and entrepreneurs.It is structured so as to introduce the reader to the overall significance of innovation at various levels and the role that innovation plays in firm and place competition. Supported with case studies throughout, this book is essential reading for all tourism students.

This ground-breaking volume on the relationships between tourism and innovation provides an overview of relevant innovation theories and related literatures on entrepreneurship, productivity, regional development and competitiveness, and their significance to contemporary tourism practices. Innovation is a key concept in business and entrepreneurial studies and the broader social sciences. Yet, despite its policy and academic importance, historically little attention has been given to the role of innovation in tourism and the corresponding contribution of tourism-related human mobility to regional, firm, and product innovation. This book emphasises that innovation in tourism is much more than a series of technological innovations, as important as they are, and instead needs to be understood in an economic, social, and political context, with particular stress being placed on the extent to which innovations are shaped by the framework of governance and regulation, as well as by institutional factors and activities of individual actors and entrepreneurs.It is structured so as to introduce the reader to the overall significance of innovation at various levels and the role that innovation plays in firm and place competition. Supported with case studies throughout, this book is essential reading for all tourism students.

Migration is one of the driving forces of economic and social change in the modern world. It is both informed by risk and a generator of risk, whether for individuals, households, communities or societies. Although the relationship between migration and risk is widely acknowledged, it has long been neglected in academic research, with a few exceptions such as household diversification strategies. Instead, risk is assumed to be implicit in economic or social models, rather than being explicitly theorised or analysed. This book represents the first major review of these key relationships. It draws on a wide range of theories - from economics, psychology, sociology, anthropology and geography - and an equally broad range of empirical material, to provide a highly original overview.

Both visitor attractions and events play pivotal roles in the appeal of tourism destination regions to visitors by virtue of being the main motivator of tourist trips and determining consumers’ choices. However, more recently visitor attractions have become more multifaceted, have proliferated and fragmented in terms of form, location, scale and style, and their role is undergoing major changes in a post-modern world as a result of consumer demands and competitive innovations. Visitor Attractions and Events for the first time theoretically and empirically explores the relations between events and attractions to offer new thinking of the role of space and place in shaping development, management practices and strategies in the sector as well as future implications. The book reveals how location is pivotal in the development, planning, and management of visitor attractions and events. Whereas the location of natural attractions is relatively fixed in space and their locations cannot be predetermined or relocated, human-made or contrived attractions are more influenced by the planning process in the context of the locational decision-making process. Competition and cooperation between visitor attractions and the aspects which shape these relations, including complementarities, compatibility, knowledge spill overs and diffusion of innovations, product similarities and spatial proximity remain largely ignored in the visitor attraction sector and thus are major elements in the focus of this book. Comparative examples ranging from small to major attractions in a wide variety of locations are included.This significant volume will appeal widely to all those interested in the visitor sector, such as tourism, events, leisure studies, destination management and sociology.

This book, originally published in 1987, presents a broad overview of the spatial organization of the European economy, providing a valuable synthesis of recently published material by geographers and other social scientists. A major theme is the interdependence of economic development at various scales. The three main sections look at international and European economic context; detailed changes in particular sectors; specific types if regional economic formations. Case studies are used and reference made to historical processes.

This book explores the evolution of the Western European economy since 1945 and considers some of the salient features of capital, labour and the state. It provides a broad review of the major features of economic development in Western Europe.

This volume provides a survey of the world’s iron-ore resources during the 1960s and the distribution of the iron and steel industries. There are specific chapters on the UK , Western Europe, the USSR, the USA and smaller sections on Africa, Latin America and South East Asia. Particular attention is paid to the political aspects of the steel industry, for example in Post-War Germany.

This volume provides a survey of the world’s iron-ore resources during the 1960s and the distribution of the iron and steel industries. There are specific chapters on the UK , Western Europe, the USSR, the USA and smaller sections on Africa, Latin America and South East Asia. Particular attention is paid to the political aspects of the steel industry, for example in Post-War Germany.