Andrew J. Bayliss – författare

Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring The myths surrounding Sparta are as old as the city itself. Even in antiquity, Sparta was a unique society, and considered an enigma. The Spartans who fought for freedom against the Persians called themselves 'equals' or peers, but their equality was reliant on the ruthless exploitation of the indigenous population known as helots. The Spartans' often bizarre rules and practices have the capacity to horrify as much they do to fascinate us today. Athenian writers were intrigued and appalled in equal measure by a society where weak or disabled babies were said to have been examined carefully by state officials before being dumped off the edge of a cliff. Even today their lurid stories have shaped our image of Sparta; a society in which cowards were forced to shave off half their beards, to dress differently from their peers, and who were ultimately shunned to the extent that suicide seemed preferable. The legend of Sparta was even perpetuated by later Spartans, who ran a thriving tourist industry that exaggerated the famed brutality of their ancestors.This Very Short Introduction separates myth from reality to reveal the best--and the worst--of the Spartans. Andrew Bayliss explores key aspects of Spartan society, including their civic structure, their day-to-day lifestyle, and traditions such as the krypteia, a brutal rite of passage where teenagers were sent into the countryside and ordered to eliminate the biggest and most dangerous helots. Alongside this, Bayliss also sheds light on the many admirable qualities of ancient Sparta, such as their state-run education system, or the fact that this society was almost unparalleled in the pre-modern world for the rights given to Spartan women.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

The image of Sparta, and the Spartans, is one dyed indelibly into the public consciousness: musclebound soldiers with long hair and red cloaks, bearing shiny bronze shields emblazoned with the Greek letter lambda. 'This is Sparta!', bellows Leonidas on the silver screen, as he decides to lead his 300 warriors to their deaths at Thermopylae. But what was Sparta? The myths surrounding Sparta are as old as the city itself. Even in antiquity, Sparta was a unique society, considered an enigma. The Spartans who fought for freedom against the Persians called themselves 'equals' or peers, but their equality was reliant on the ruthless exploitation of the indigenous population known as helots. The Spartans' often bizarre rules and practices have the capacity to horrify as much they do to fascinate us today. Athenian writers were intrigued and appalled in equal measure by a society where weak or disabled babies were said to have been examined carefully by state officials before being dumped off the edge of a cliff. Even today their lurid stories have shaped our image of Sparta; a society in which cowards were forced to shave off half their beards, to dress differently from their peers, and who were ultimately shunned to the extent that suicide seemed preferable. Equally appalling to us today is the brutal krypteia, a Spartan rite of passage where teenagers were sent into the countryside armed with a knife and ordered to eliminate the biggest and most dangerous helots. But the truth behind these stories of the exotic other can be hard to discover, lost amongst the legend of Sparta which was even perpetuated by later Spartans, who ran a thriving tourist industry that exaggerated the famed brutality of their ancestors. As Andrew Bayliss explores in this book, there was also much to admire in ancient Sparta, such as the Spartans' state-run education system which catered even to girls, or the fact that Sparta was almost unparalleled in the pre-modern world in allowing women a clear voice, with no fewer than forty sayings by Spartan women preserved in our sources. This book reveals the best and the worst of the Spartans, separating myth from reality.

This volume challenges preconceptions of Athenian politics and history. It sets out to demonstrate that the widely received view that Hellenistic Athens and her political leaders were radically different from their Classical counterparts is fundamentally flawed. Through a re-examination of the internal politics of Hellenistic Athens, both in terms of its key institutions and its political leaders, After Demosthenes provides a comprehensive analysis of Athenian political life from 322-262 BC. Drawing on literary and epigraphic evidence the book identifies those who participated in the governing of Athens, and their motives for doing so, and redefines the nature of Athenian political ideology in the process. The leading political figures, each of whom can be identified with a particular ideological viewpoint, are explored in a series of biographical studies. Examining the intellectual origins of modern scholarly criticism of democracy in the Athens of this period, this volume shows how the politics of scholarly discourse have distorted modern views of Hellenistic Athens.

This volume challenges preconceptions of Athenian politics and history. It sets out to demonstrate that the widely received view that Hellenistic Athens and her political leaders were radically different from their Classical counterparts is fundamentally flawed. Through a re-examination of the internal politics of Hellenistic Athens, both in terms of its key institutions and its political leaders, After Demosthenes provides a comprehensive analysis of Athenian political life from 322-262 BC. Drawing on literary and epigraphic evidence the book identifies those who participated in the governing of Athens, and their motives for doing so, and redefines the nature of Athenian political ideology in the process. The leading political figures, each of whom can be identified with a particular ideological viewpoint, are explored in a series of biographical studies. Examining the intellectual origins of modern scholarly criticism of democracy in the Athens of this period, this volume shows how the politics of scholarly discourse have distorted modern views of Hellenistic Athens.