Choreographing Copyright is a new historical and cultural analysis of U.S. dance-makers'' investment in intellectual property rights. Stretching from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first, the book reconstructs efforts to win copyright protection for choreography and teases out their raced and gendered politics, showing how dancers have embraced intellectual property rights as a means to both consolidate and contest racial and gendered power.A number of the artists featured in the book are well-known in the history of American dance, including Loie Fuller, Hanya Holm, and Martha Graham, Agnes de Mille, and George Balanchine. But the book also uncovers a host of marginalized figures--from the South Asian dancer Mohammed Ismail, to the African American pantomimist Johnny Hudgins, to the African American blues singer Alberta Hunter, to the white burlesque dancer Faith Dane--who were equally interested in positioning themselves as subjects rather than objects of property.Drawing on critical race and feminist theories and on cultural studies of copyright, Choreographing Copyright offers fresh insight into the raced and gendered hierarchies that govern the theatrical marketplace, white women''s historically contingent relationship to property rights, legacies of ownership of black bodies and appropriation of non-white labor, and the tension between dance''s ephemerality and its reproducibility.

Hollywood Dance-ins and the Reproduction of Bodies proposes that a figure who barely registers in film studies or dance studies offers valuable insight into ideas about "the body" and the reproductive labor that gives rise to images of bodies. The book is the first scholarly study of the dance-in, a dancer who executes a star's choreography as cameras are being focused and lights are being set. While they share similarities with doubles and stand-ins, dance-ins do not replace stars' bodies on screen and they often serve multiple unseen roles, including as choreographers' assistants and stars' coaches, making them vital to the creation and transmission of choreography.Focusing on dance-ins in mid-twentieth century Hollywood, when film musicals and the studio system were at their height, author Anthea Kraut exposes the racialized and gendered "corporeal ecosystem" that operated behind the scenes, propping up and concealed behind the seeming self-referentiality of white stars' filmic dancing bodies. A production history informed by feminist materialist approaches to labor and critical race theory, Hollywood Dance-ins tells the stories of the 1940s white pin-up star Betty Grable's dependence on her white dance-in Angie Blue; the African American jazz dancer Marie Bryant's private coaching of a myriad of stars in the late 1940s and early 1950s; Carol Haney and Jeanne Coyne's training of the white ingénue Debbie Reynolds for Singin' in the Rain (1952); the Mexican American dancer Alex Romero's close partnership with the white star Gene Kelly; and the biracial star Nancy Kwan's on- and off-screen exchanges with a white production team and Asian/American ensemble members in Flower Drum Song (1961).

Hollywood Dance-ins and the Reproduction of Bodies proposes that a figure who barely registers in film studies or dance studies offers valuable insight into ideas about "the body" and the reproductive labor that gives rise to images of bodies. The book is the first scholarly study of the dance-in, a dancer who executes a star's choreography as cameras are being focused and lights are being set. While they share similarities with doubles and stand-ins, dance-ins do not replace stars' bodies on screen and they often serve multiple unseen roles, including as choreographers' assistants and stars' coaches, making them vital to the creation and transmission of choreography.Focusing on dance-ins in mid-twentieth century Hollywood, when film musicals and the studio system were at their height, author Anthea Kraut exposes the racialized and gendered "corporeal ecosystem" that operated behind the scenes, propping up and concealed behind the seeming self-referentiality of white stars' filmic dancing bodies. A production history informed by feminist materialist approaches to labor and critical race theory, Hollywood Dance-ins tells the stories of the 1940s white pin-up star Betty Grable's dependence on her white dance-in Angie Blue; the African American jazz dancer Marie Bryant's private coaching of a myriad of stars in the late 1940s and early 1950s; Carol Haney and Jeanne Coyne's training of the white ingénue Debbie Reynolds for Singin' in the Rain (1952); the Mexican American dancer Alex Romero's close partnership with the white star Gene Kelly; and the biracial star Nancy Kwan's on- and off-screen exchanges with a white production team and Asian/American ensemble members in Flower Drum Song (1961).

Hollywood Dance-ins and the Reproduction of Bodies proposes that a figure who barely registers in film studies or dance studies offers valuable insight into ideas about "e;the body"e; and the reproductive labor that gives rise to images of bodies. The book is the first scholarly study of the dance-in, a dancer who executes a star's choreography as cameras are being focused and lights are being set. While they share similarities with doubles and stand-ins, dance-ins do not replace stars' bodies on screen and they often serve multiple unseen roles, including as choreographers' assistants and stars' coaches, making them vital to the creation and transmission of choreography. Focusing on dance-ins in mid-twentieth century Hollywood, when film musicals and the studio system were at their height, author Anthea Kraut exposes the racialized and gendered "e;corporeal ecosystem"e; that operated behind the scenes, propping up and concealed behind the seeming self-referentiality of white stars' filmic dancing bodies. A production history informed by feminist materialist approaches to labor and critical race theory, Hollywood Dance-ins tells the stories of the 1940s white pin-up star Betty Grable's dependence on her white dance-in Angie Blue; the African American jazz dancer Marie Bryant's private coaching of a myriad of stars in the late 1940s and early 1950s; Carol Haney and Jeanne Coyne's training of the white inge nue Debbie Reynolds for Singi' in the Rain (1952); the Mexican American dancer Alex Romero's close partnership with the white star Gene Kelly; and the biracial star Nancy Kwan's on- and off-screen exchanges with a white production team and Asian/American ensemble members in Flower Drum Song (1961).

Hollywood Dance-ins and the Reproduction of Bodies proposes that a figure who barely registers in film studies or dance studies offers valuable insight into ideas about "e;the body"e; and the reproductive labor that gives rise to images of bodies. The book is the first scholarly study of the dance-in, a dancer who executes a star's choreography as cameras are being focused and lights are being set. While they share similarities with doubles and stand-ins, dance-ins do not replace stars' bodies on screen and they often serve multiple unseen roles, including as choreographers' assistants and stars' coaches, making them vital to the creation and transmission of choreography. Focusing on dance-ins in mid-twentieth century Hollywood, when film musicals and the studio system were at their height, author Anthea Kraut exposes the racialized and gendered "e;corporeal ecosystem"e; that operated behind the scenes, propping up and concealed behind the seeming self-referentiality of white stars' filmic dancing bodies. A production history informed by feminist materialist approaches to labor and critical race theory, Hollywood Dance-ins tells the stories of the 1940s white pin-up star Betty Grable's dependence on her white dance-in Angie Blue; the African American jazz dancer Marie Bryant's private coaching of a myriad of stars in the late 1940s and early 1950s; Carol Haney and Jeanne Coyne's training of the white inge nue Debbie Reynolds for Singi' in the Rain (1952); the Mexican American dancer Alex Romero's close partnership with the white star Gene Kelly; and the biracial star Nancy Kwan's on- and off-screen exchanges with a white production team and Asian/American ensemble members in Flower Drum Song (1961).

Choreographing Copyright provides a historical and cultural analysis of U.S.-based dance-makers' investment in intellectual property rights. Although federal copyright law in the U.S. did not recognize choreography as a protectable class prior to the 1976 Copyright Act, efforts to win copyright protection for dance began eight decades earlier. In a series of case studies stretching from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first, the book reconstructs those efforts and teases out their raced and gendered politics. Rather than chart a narrative of progress, the book shows how dancers working in a range of genres have embraced intellectual property rights as a means to both consolidate and contest racial and gendered power. A number of the artists featured in Choreographing Copyright are well-known white figures in the history of American dance, including modern dancers Loie Fuller, Hanya Holm, and Martha Graham, and ballet artists Agnes de Mille and George Balanchine. But the book also uncovers a host of marginalized figures - from the South Asian dancer Mohammed Ismail, to the African American pantomimist Johnny Hudgins, to the African American blues singer Alberta Hunter, to the white burlesque dancer Faith Dane - who were equally interested in positioning themselves as subjects rather than objects of property, as possessive individuals rather than exchangeable commodities. Choreographic copyright, the book argues, has been a site for the reinforcement of gendered white privilege as well as for challenges to it.Drawing on critical race and feminist theories and on cultural studies of copyright, Choreographing Copyright offers fresh insight into such issues as: the raced and gendered hierarchies that govern the theatrical marketplace, white women's historically contingent relationship to property rights, legacies of ownership of black bodies and appropriation of non-white labor, and the tension between dance's ephemerality and its reproducibility.

Choreographing Copyright provides a historical and cultural analysis of U.S.-based dance-makers' investment in intellectual property rights. Although federal copyright law in the U.S. did not recognize choreography as a protectable class prior to the 1976 Copyright Act, efforts to win copyright protection for dance began eight decades earlier. In a series of case studies stretching from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first, the book reconstructs those efforts and teases out their raced and gendered politics. Rather than chart a narrative of progress, the book shows how dancers working in a range of genres have embraced intellectual property rights as a means to both consolidate and contest racial and gendered power. A number of the artists featured in Choreographing Copyright are well-known white figures in the history of American dance, including modern dancers Loie Fuller, Hanya Holm, and Martha Graham, and ballet artists Agnes de Mille and George Balanchine. But the book also uncovers a host of marginalized figures - from the South Asian dancer Mohammed Ismail, to the African American pantomimist Johnny Hudgins, to the African American blues singer Alberta Hunter, to the white burlesque dancer Faith Dane - who were equally interested in positioning themselves as subjects rather than objects of property, as possessive individuals rather than exchangeable commodities. Choreographic copyright, the book argues, has been a site for the reinforcement of gendered white privilege as well as for challenges to it.Drawing on critical race and feminist theories and on cultural studies of copyright, Choreographing Copyright offers fresh insight into such issues as: the raced and gendered hierarchies that govern the theatrical marketplace, white women's historically contingent relationship to property rights, legacies of ownership of black bodies and appropriation of non-white labor, and the tension between dance's ephemerality and its reproducibility.

Choreographing Copyright is a new historical and cultural analysis of U.S. dance-makers'' investment in intellectual property rights. Stretching from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first, the book reconstructs efforts to win copyright protection for choreography and teases out their raced and gendered politics, showing how dancers have embraced intellectual property rights as a means to both consolidate and contest racial and gendered power. A number of the artists featured in the book are well-known in the history of American dance, including Loie Fuller, Hanya Holm, and Martha Graham, Agnes de Mille, and George Balanchine. But the book also uncovers a host of marginalized figures--from the South Asian dancer Mohammed Ismail, to the African American pantomimist Johnny Hudgins, to the African American blues singer Alberta Hunter, to the white burlesque dancer Faith Dane--who were equally interested in positioning themselves as subjects rather than objects of property. Drawing on critical race and feminist theories and on cultural studies of copyright, Choreographing Copyright offers fresh insight into the raced and gendered hierarchies that govern the theatrical marketplace, white women''s historically contingent relationship to property rights, legacies of ownership of black bodies and appropriation of non-white labor, and the tension between dance''s ephemerality and its reproducibility.

Choreographing Copyright is a new historical and cultural analysis of U.S. dance-makers'' investment in intellectual property rights. Stretching from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first, the book reconstructs efforts to win copyright protection for choreography and teases out their raced and gendered politics, showing how dancers have embraced intellectual property rights as a means to both consolidate and contest racial and gendered power.A number of the artists featured in the book are well-known in the history of American dance, including Loie Fuller, Hanya Holm, and Martha Graham, Agnes de Mille, and George Balanchine. But the book also uncovers a host of marginalized figures--from the South Asian dancer Mohammed Ismail, to the African American pantomimist Johnny Hudgins, to the African American blues singer Alberta Hunter, to the white burlesque dancer Faith Dane--who were equally interested in positioning themselves as subjects rather than objects of property.Drawing on critical race and feminist theories and on cultural studies of copyright, Choreographing Copyright offers fresh insight into the raced and gendered hierarchies that govern the theatrical marketplace, white women''s historically contingent relationship to property rights, legacies of ownership of black bodies and appropriation of non-white labor, and the tension between dance''s ephemerality and its reproducibility.

Hollywood Dance-ins and the Reproduction of Bodies proposes that a figure who barely registers in film studies or dance studies offers valuable insight into ideas about "the body" and the reproductive labor that gives rise to images of bodies. The book is the first scholarly study of the dance-in, a dancer who executes a star's choreography as cameras are being focused and lights are being set. While they share similarities with doubles and stand-ins, dance-ins do not replace stars' bodies on screen and they often serve multiple unseen roles, including as choreographers' assistants and stars' coaches, making them vital to the creation and transmission of choreography.Focusing on dance-ins in mid-twentieth century Hollywood, when film musicals and the studio system were at their height, author Anthea Kraut exposes the racialized and gendered "corporeal ecosystem" that operated behind the scenes, propping up and concealed behind the seeming self-referentiality of white stars' filmic dancing bodies. A production history informed by feminist materialist approaches to labor and critical race theory, Hollywood Dance-ins tells the stories of the 1940s white pin-up star Betty Grable's dependence on her white dance-in Angie Blue; the African American jazz dancer Marie Bryant's private coaching of a myriad of stars in the late 1940s and early 1950s; Carol Haney and Jeanne Coyne's training of the white ingénue Debbie Reynolds for Singin' in the Rain (1952); the Mexican American dancer Alex Romero's close partnership with the white star Gene Kelly; and the biracial star Nancy Kwan's on- and off-screen exchanges with a white production team and Asian/American ensemble members in Flower Drum Song (1961).

Hollywood Dance-ins and the Reproduction of Bodies proposes that a figure who barely registers in film studies or dance studies offers valuable insight into ideas about "the body" and the reproductive labor that gives rise to images of bodies. The book is the first scholarly study of the dance-in, a dancer who executes a star's choreography as cameras are being focused and lights are being set. While they share similarities with doubles and stand-ins, dance-ins do not replace stars' bodies on screen and they often serve multiple unseen roles, including as choreographers' assistants and stars' coaches, making them vital to the creation and transmission of choreography.Focusing on dance-ins in mid-twentieth century Hollywood, when film musicals and the studio system were at their height, author Anthea Kraut exposes the racialized and gendered "corporeal ecosystem" that operated behind the scenes, propping up and concealed behind the seeming self-referentiality of white stars' filmic dancing bodies. A production history informed by feminist materialist approaches to labor and critical race theory, Hollywood Dance-ins tells the stories of the 1940s white pin-up star Betty Grable's dependence on her white dance-in Angie Blue; the African American jazz dancer Marie Bryant's private coaching of a myriad of stars in the late 1940s and early 1950s; Carol Haney and Jeanne Coyne's training of the white ingénue Debbie Reynolds for Singin' in the Rain (1952); the Mexican American dancer Alex Romero's close partnership with the white star Gene Kelly; and the biracial star Nancy Kwan's on- and off-screen exchanges with a white production team and Asian/American ensemble members in Flower Drum Song (1961).

Hollywood Dance-ins and the Reproduction of Bodies proposes that a figure who barely registers in film studies or dance studies offers valuable insight into ideas about "e;the body"e; and the reproductive labor that gives rise to images of bodies. The book is the first scholarly study of the dance-in, a dancer who executes a star's choreography as cameras are being focused and lights are being set. While they share similarities with doubles and stand-ins, dance-ins do not replace stars' bodies on screen and they often serve multiple unseen roles, including as choreographers' assistants and stars' coaches, making them vital to the creation and transmission of choreography. Focusing on dance-ins in mid-twentieth century Hollywood, when film musicals and the studio system were at their height, author Anthea Kraut exposes the racialized and gendered "e;corporeal ecosystem"e; that operated behind the scenes, propping up and concealed behind the seeming self-referentiality of white stars' filmic dancing bodies. A production history informed by feminist materialist approaches to labor and critical race theory, Hollywood Dance-ins tells the stories of the 1940s white pin-up star Betty Grable's dependence on her white dance-in Angie Blue; the African American jazz dancer Marie Bryant's private coaching of a myriad of stars in the late 1940s and early 1950s; Carol Haney and Jeanne Coyne's training of the white inge nue Debbie Reynolds for Singi' in the Rain (1952); the Mexican American dancer Alex Romero's close partnership with the white star Gene Kelly; and the biracial star Nancy Kwan's on- and off-screen exchanges with a white production team and Asian/American ensemble members in Flower Drum Song (1961).

Hollywood Dance-ins and the Reproduction of Bodies proposes that a figure who barely registers in film studies or dance studies offers valuable insight into ideas about "e;the body"e; and the reproductive labor that gives rise to images of bodies. The book is the first scholarly study of the dance-in, a dancer who executes a star's choreography as cameras are being focused and lights are being set. While they share similarities with doubles and stand-ins, dance-ins do not replace stars' bodies on screen and they often serve multiple unseen roles, including as choreographers' assistants and stars' coaches, making them vital to the creation and transmission of choreography. Focusing on dance-ins in mid-twentieth century Hollywood, when film musicals and the studio system were at their height, author Anthea Kraut exposes the racialized and gendered "e;corporeal ecosystem"e; that operated behind the scenes, propping up and concealed behind the seeming self-referentiality of white stars' filmic dancing bodies. A production history informed by feminist materialist approaches to labor and critical race theory, Hollywood Dance-ins tells the stories of the 1940s white pin-up star Betty Grable's dependence on her white dance-in Angie Blue; the African American jazz dancer Marie Bryant's private coaching of a myriad of stars in the late 1940s and early 1950s; Carol Haney and Jeanne Coyne's training of the white inge nue Debbie Reynolds for Singi' in the Rain (1952); the Mexican American dancer Alex Romero's close partnership with the white star Gene Kelly; and the biracial star Nancy Kwan's on- and off-screen exchanges with a white production team and Asian/American ensemble members in Flower Drum Song (1961).

Choreographing Copyright provides a historical and cultural analysis of U.S.-based dance-makers' investment in intellectual property rights. Although federal copyright law in the U.S. did not recognize choreography as a protectable class prior to the 1976 Copyright Act, efforts to win copyright protection for dance began eight decades earlier. In a series of case studies stretching from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first, the book reconstructs those efforts and teases out their raced and gendered politics. Rather than chart a narrative of progress, the book shows how dancers working in a range of genres have embraced intellectual property rights as a means to both consolidate and contest racial and gendered power. A number of the artists featured in Choreographing Copyright are well-known white figures in the history of American dance, including modern dancers Loie Fuller, Hanya Holm, and Martha Graham, and ballet artists Agnes de Mille and George Balanchine. But the book also uncovers a host of marginalized figures - from the South Asian dancer Mohammed Ismail, to the African American pantomimist Johnny Hudgins, to the African American blues singer Alberta Hunter, to the white burlesque dancer Faith Dane - who were equally interested in positioning themselves as subjects rather than objects of property, as possessive individuals rather than exchangeable commodities. Choreographic copyright, the book argues, has been a site for the reinforcement of gendered white privilege as well as for challenges to it.Drawing on critical race and feminist theories and on cultural studies of copyright, Choreographing Copyright offers fresh insight into such issues as: the raced and gendered hierarchies that govern the theatrical marketplace, white women's historically contingent relationship to property rights, legacies of ownership of black bodies and appropriation of non-white labor, and the tension between dance's ephemerality and its reproducibility.

Choreographing Copyright provides a historical and cultural analysis of U.S.-based dance-makers' investment in intellectual property rights. Although federal copyright law in the U.S. did not recognize choreography as a protectable class prior to the 1976 Copyright Act, efforts to win copyright protection for dance began eight decades earlier. In a series of case studies stretching from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first, the book reconstructs those efforts and teases out their raced and gendered politics. Rather than chart a narrative of progress, the book shows how dancers working in a range of genres have embraced intellectual property rights as a means to both consolidate and contest racial and gendered power. A number of the artists featured in Choreographing Copyright are well-known white figures in the history of American dance, including modern dancers Loie Fuller, Hanya Holm, and Martha Graham, and ballet artists Agnes de Mille and George Balanchine. But the book also uncovers a host of marginalized figures - from the South Asian dancer Mohammed Ismail, to the African American pantomimist Johnny Hudgins, to the African American blues singer Alberta Hunter, to the white burlesque dancer Faith Dane - who were equally interested in positioning themselves as subjects rather than objects of property, as possessive individuals rather than exchangeable commodities. Choreographic copyright, the book argues, has been a site for the reinforcement of gendered white privilege as well as for challenges to it.Drawing on critical race and feminist theories and on cultural studies of copyright, Choreographing Copyright offers fresh insight into such issues as: the raced and gendered hierarchies that govern the theatrical marketplace, white women's historically contingent relationship to property rights, legacies of ownership of black bodies and appropriation of non-white labor, and the tension between dance's ephemerality and its reproducibility.

Choreographing Copyright is a new historical and cultural analysis of U.S. dance-makers'' investment in intellectual property rights. Stretching from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first, the book reconstructs efforts to win copyright protection for choreography and teases out their raced and gendered politics, showing how dancers have embraced intellectual property rights as a means to both consolidate and contest racial and gendered power. A number of the artists featured in the book are well-known in the history of American dance, including Loie Fuller, Hanya Holm, and Martha Graham, Agnes de Mille, and George Balanchine. But the book also uncovers a host of marginalized figures--from the South Asian dancer Mohammed Ismail, to the African American pantomimist Johnny Hudgins, to the African American blues singer Alberta Hunter, to the white burlesque dancer Faith Dane--who were equally interested in positioning themselves as subjects rather than objects of property. Drawing on critical race and feminist theories and on cultural studies of copyright, Choreographing Copyright offers fresh insight into the raced and gendered hierarchies that govern the theatrical marketplace, white women''s historically contingent relationship to property rights, legacies of ownership of black bodies and appropriation of non-white labor, and the tension between dance''s ephemerality and its reproducibility.