Asghar Qadir – författare

These proceedings cover the lectures delivered at the Fifth International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs from June 16-July 4, 1980 at Nathiagali, one of the scenic hill resorts in the northern part of Pakistan. The college was organized by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and co-sponsored by the International Centre for Theroetical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy. It also received a financial grant from the University Grants Commission (UGC) for the participation of physicists from various universities in Pakistan. The college was attended by 22 lecturers and invited seminar speakers, 150 participants from 30 countries, and consisted of 15 concentrated days of lectures, seminars and informal discussions. These proceedings contain only some of the regular lectures delivered at Nathiagali, but the seminars heldthere are listed in the Appendix. This year the main emphasis of the college was on the fron­ tiers of physics, particularly on the recent exciting development in high-energy physics and astrophysics. However, the lectures delivered at the college also covered a large sample of other aspects of physics ranging from low"-temperature physics to plasma physics of of fusion. The series of colleges of which the present college is the fifth, an attempt to remove the barrier of isolation for the physicists working in developing countries, far removed from active centres of research. It is hoped that these colleges are helping to fill the gap in communication between the physicists of developing and advanced countries.

These proceedings cover the lectures delivered at the Fifth International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs from June 16-July 4, 1980 at Nathiagali, one of the scenic hill resorts in the northern part of Pakistan. The college was organized by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and co-sponsored by the International Centre for Theroetical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy. It also received a financial grant from the University Grants Commission (UGC) for the participation of physicists from various universities in Pakistan. The college was attended by 22 lecturers and invited seminar speakers, 150 participants from 30 countries, and consisted of 15 concentrated days of lectures, seminars and informal discussions. These proceedings contain only some of the regular lectures delivered at Nathiagali, but the seminars heldthere are listed in the Appendix. This year the main emphasis of the college was on the fron­ tiers of physics, particularly on the recent exciting development in high-energy physics and astrophysics. However, the lectures delivered at the college also covered a large sample of other aspects of physics ranging from low"-temperature physics to plasma physics of of fusion. The series of colleges of which the present college is the fifth, an attempt to remove the barrier of isolation for the physicists working in developing countries, far removed from active centres of research. It is hoped that these colleges are helping to fill the gap in communication between the physicists of developing and advanced countries.

Topology for Beginners is written for undergraduate students enrolled in a 4-year Bachelor of Science programme. The mathematical content covers a full introductory course on topology. The authors explain why the subject is worth understanding and convince the reader that it is fun and useful. It builds up gradually, explaining why one needs to go to more abstraction, rather than using the 'Definition-Theorem-Proof' method. It does not avoid geometrical descriptions that help the reader to see what is meant, rather than relying on symbol manipulation to obtain results that will be true but in a manner that doesnt develop the intuition of the reader. This book belongs to the genre of modern books that first motivate pictorially and then gently move up the path of mathematical rigour. Where concepts are introduced, or results are proved, the authors also indicate how and where they are used further in Topology, that lead to direct mathematical, natural science, and social science applications. By the end of the book, advanced topics are introduced in a way that makes them intelligible. It also provides many exercises to hone the reader's skills at problem solving in Topology.