B. de Neumann – författare

In this volume is presented the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on the theme of Electromagnetic Modelling and Measurements for Analysis and Synthesis Problems. The ASI was held at 11 Ciocco, Castelvecchio Pascoli, Tuscany, Italy, August 10th - 21st, 1987. It has been my good fortune to act as co-director of two of Jozef's previous ASIs, and so I am well acquainted with the JKS format for ASIs. As participants will realise, I did not attend this ASI, and so I only have a partial appreciation of the programme. In particular it has not been possible to include transcripts of any panel discussions which may have taken place. Readers may recall that such transcripts have formed a most interesting and useful part of previous ASI proceedings edited by Jozef Skwirzynski, and helped to convey the spirit of the meetings. Unfortunately it has proved impossible to locate the tapes, despite the best efforts of Jozef's assistant, Barry Stuart. A further dificulty has arisen through the untimely death of Jozef's former deputy and colleague at GEC Research, Ed Pacello, who assisted Jozef with the organisation of the precursor of this ASI. The following is taken from original material relating to the aims of the Advanced Study Institute: "PURPOSE OF THE INSTITUTE This Institute is concerned with computer modelling and with experimental measurements as two complementary tools for both analysis and synthesis of electromagnetics (EM), infra-red (IR) and optical problems.

Proceedings of the Centre for Software Reliability Conference entitled Software Certification, held at the Penta Hotel, Gatwick, UK, 13-16 September 1988

GWAI-83, die siebte deutsche Fachtagung uber Kunstliche Intelligenz, fand vom 19.-23. Sept. 1983 in Dassel/Solling statt. Der Wechsel des Konferenzortes gegenuber dem fast schon traditionellen Bad Honnef in den davorliegenden Jahren war durch den Anstieg der Teilnehmerzahl notig geworden. Sie betrug 135 fur die GWAI-83 und durfte noch weiter steigen. Der vorliegende Band enthalt insgesamt 22 ausgewahlte Beitrage aus verschiedenen Themenbereichen der Kunstlichen Intelligenz .(KI), darunter drei eingeladene Ubersichtsbeitrage. Die Bereiche "Automatisches Beweisen" und "Naturlichsprachliche Systeme" sind mit den meisten Beitragen vertreten. Dies entspricht zwei wesentlichen Schwerpunkten der deutschen KI-Forschung. Daruberhinaus enthalt der Band Beitrage zu "Wissensreprasentation", "Bild- und Sprachverstehen", "Expertensysteme", "KI-Programmiersprachen" und "Logik". Bedauerlicherweise sind einige Bereiche der KI nur durch sehr wenige Beitrage oder uberhaupt nicht angesprochen, z.B. "KI-Aspekte der Robotik" , "Lernen", "Informelles Schliessen", "Kognition".Dies ist aus der viel zu kleinen Anzahl von KI-Forschern erklarlich, die derzeit in Deutschland mit dem in explosiver Entwicklung begriffenen Forschungsgebiet KI SChritt halten mussen. Trotz dieser beschrankten Moglichkeiten hat sich das Programmkomitee, das fur die Auswahl der vorliegenden Beitrage verantwortlich war, um einen hohen Standard bemuht. Von den insgesamt 42 eingereichten Beitragen wurden weniger als die Halfte fur diesen Band akzeptiert. Die ausgewahlten Arbeiten stellen also besonders gelungene Beispiele deutscher (und in einem Fall auch italienischer) KI-Forschung dar. Den Autoren sei an dieser Stelle nochmals fur die Beitrage gedankt, insbesondere fur die Muhe beim Erstellen der Druckvorlagen.

English and the community functions on the basis of a variety of ethnic institutions that operate in the immigrant's own mother tongue. These include local stores and markets, churches, clubs, welfare agencies and other organizations that serve the needs of the local population. Frequently employment opportunities in occupa­ tions where English is unnecessary are also available to men and women in the neighbourhood. These ethnic neighbourhoods exhibit a high degree of functional interdependence which would be severely disrupted by urban renewal schemes involving widespread clearance. The proposed extension of freeways could give rise to problems in this respect. Even the "spot clearance" schemes of a more limited kind would have more serious social and human repercussions in such areas in view of the high incidence of "doubling". It is significant that certain planning areas in which urban renewal has already proceeded, such as the Don area including the Regent Park public housing scheme, have consisted predominantly of native-born Canadians of British origin. The experience gained in these schl~mes is not likely to be a useful guide to the probable consequen -;es of improvement and other schemes in those areas with a mt l"e heterogeneous population. An examination of the population .::haracteristics in those areas designated for renewal in the future suggests that the social effects and human implications of these plans may be somewhat different from past experience.