Barbara L. Horn – författare

A reflection and symbol of the turbulent 1960s and the culture and lifestyles of the Hippies, Hair made history as the first rock musical on Broadway and one of the most successful musicals. The sixties left an indelible imprint upon the American psyche, and Hair, in the words of critic Clive Barnes, summed it up better than any other piece of American theatre. Aside from bringing experimental techniques and rock music to Broadway, Hair, in author Barbara Horn's view, represented a major step in the evolution of the concept musical from the book musical and was the first concept musical to reach mass audiences, an achievement unheralded and little recognized.Horn analyzes the social context of Hair and the Hippies, describes the tenor of the Broadway theatre of the times and the experimental trends Off-Broadway that culminated in Hair's innovations on the Great White Way. She then goes on to relate the dramatic story of Hair's creation and growth, dash myths and clarify the actual events, including the casual meeting of coauthors Gerome Ragni and James Rado with producer Joseph Papp on a train. The transfer of Hair to Broadway is fully detailed, and the Broadway production is compared with the earlier production at Papp's Public Theater with lists of song sequences provided. Several revivals and the film version are also discussed, and staff and cast lists appear as appendixes. Horn's extensive archival research is amplified by insights from numerous interviews, including those with the authors, Ragni and Rado; composer, Galt MacDermot; Broadway producer, Michael Butler, directors, Gerald Freedman and Tom O'Horgan, musical director, Galt MacDermot; set designer, Robin Wagner; lighting designer, Jules Fisher, cast members, Melba Moore and Lorrie Davis; and others associated with one or more of the productions, as well as with theatre critics and theorists. Numerous published works were also connsulted, and a strong bibliography is provided.

Theater critic Jerry Tallmer, remarking on Joseph Papp's death on October 31, 1991, said, He was a guy from Brooklyn who had a passion for Shakespeare and a passion for people. He was able to combine the two like no one else ever did. Barbara Horn, documenting Papp's career, declares it to have been inextricably tied to that of the New York Shakespeare Festival, which Papp founded in 1954, serving as its artistic leader for 37 years, and which survives him. His dream of producing free Shakespeare in the Park was expanded into the largest arts institution in the United States, combining Shakespeare with innovative contemporary theater performed at his nonprofit Public Theater as well as in New York City parks and schools. Papp produced some 450 plays, directing over 40. He nurtured some of the greatest playwriting talents, including Vaclav Havel, David Mamet, David Rabe, David Henry Hwang, John Guare, and Tina Howe, and provided opportunities for fledgling actors, among them George C. Scott, Colleen Dewhurst, James Earl Jones, Al Pacino, Kevin Kline, Raul Julia, Meryl Streep, and William Hurt. Public Theater plays such as Hair, A Chorus Line, and That Championship Season became huge hits on Broadway.Papp's productions, most with the New York Shakespeare Festival, are thoroughly documented, with credits, runs, synopses, and review commentary in this reference guide, which also includes a chronology of Papp's life and career, a biographical sketch, an annotated bibliography of works by and about Papp, and appendixes on film and television credits, related activities, and awards. Indexes of authors of bibliographic works, of playwrights and playtitles, and of production crew and cast complete the work.

Publicity, nerve, and verve made David Merrick possibly the most successful producer in the history of Broadway. Not since the days of David Belasco or Florenz Ziegfeld had the theatre produced such a spectacular producer-star. He was dubbed The Barnum of Broadway or, less flatteringly, The Abominable Showman, and Clive Barnes of the New York Times said he had showmanship running out of his ears. Although he was best known for his musical productions, including Hello Dolly! (1964) and 42nd Street (1980), he produced many nonmusicals as well; Cecil Smith of the Los Angeles Times wrote that he was one of the most sensitive and effective producers of fine dramas in modern Broadway. Merrick's career, tempered by a legal background, is an undisputed testimony to his artistic sensibilities, his razor-edged business acumen, his talent for public relations, and his unrelenting drive.This study chronicles the life and career of one of the last of Broadway's independent producers, David Merrick, who produced eighty-eight plays on Broadway during his professional lifetime. Following a chronology of his career and a biographical sketch, all his plays, plus film productions, are carefully documented with credits, runs, synopses, and review citations. An annotated bibliography includes his own writings and a chronologically organized listing of books and articles about him. An appendix is devoted to major awards given to Merrick, his productions, and other principals and stars involved with them; and a second appendix lists theatre productions that were made into films. Carefully cross-referenced and indexed, the book adds to the growing number of studies that organize essential resources for research and scholarship in American theatre.

Actress Colleen Dewhurst (1926-1991) is best remembered for her seminal characterizations in the plays of Eugene O'Neill, which highlighted a career on stage, screen, and television that spanned forty years and earned her two Tony awards and four Emmys. Writing about her Broadway triumph as Josie Hogan in A Moon for the Misbegotten (1973), critic Clive Barnes said she spoke O'Neill as if it were being spoken for the first time--and not for the first time in a theater . . . but for the first time in a certain New England farm, on a certain September night in 1923. Though known for her portrayals of tragic heroines, Dewhurst also played comic roles and played Murphy Brown's mother for three seasons in that television series. At her death, she left an indelible mark in American theater, but, curiously, little written commentary beyond reviews and journalistic articles.This study documents her diverse performance and directing careers, with information also on her personal life and her participation in political and philanthropic causes, including two terms as president of Actors' Equity. An extensive productions section provides data on her major and minor roles in all media, including credits, runs, synopses, and review citations. This is supplemented by an annotated bibliography of major reviews and other writings, a list of awards, a biographical study, and a chronology of her life and career, all carefully cross-referenced and indexed. This book adds to the growing number of studies that organize essential resources on performance for effective research use.

This study chronicles the life and career of Ellen Stewart and her experimental theater, Cafe La Mama. Once an accomplished Black fashion designer, Stewart--with no experience in theater--founded and developed one of the most influential experimental theaters in the world. The volume includes a short biography, a chronology of the most significant events related to Stewart and La Mama, a record of the more than 1400 plays produced at La Mama, and an annotated bibliography. Appendices list La Mama's Obie awards, awards won by Stewart, and shows directed by Stewart. The volume presents a fascinating account of the physical, emotional, and political conditions surrounding the history of Cafe La Mama, while focusing on a Black American artist who boldly forged a niche in an area previously inaccessible to Black women.

One of the most important American playwrights of the 20th century, Maxwell Anderson won a Pulitzer Prize for Both Your Houses (1933), and New York Drama Critics Circle awards for Winterset (1935) and High Tor (1936). Though he believed that poetry was the glory of drama, he also devoted himself to realism. His crowning achievement was Winterset, in which he popularized the use of blank verse in contemporary drama. During a career that spanned more than a quarter century, he wrote 33 plays, many of which were produced in European capitals and were translated into more than a dozen languages.As a comprehensive guide to Anderson's career, this reference book is an indispensable volume for anyone interested in American drama. An introductory essay discusses Anderson's life and work. The bulk of the text provides synopses and critical overviews of his plays, a feature useful to readers unacquainted with his works. Also included is cast information for major productions. Annotated bibliographies cover primary sources, as well as books, chapters, and articles about Anderson. A separate bibliography cites and annotates reviews of performances.

Widely acclaimed as one of America's most distinguished female playwrights, Lillian Hellman made an entrance into a largely male-dominated field in 1934 with The Children's Hour, a drama that rocked the literary establishment with its frank treatment of lesbianism while calling attention to her writing talents. Written between 1934 and 1963, Hellman's dramatic canon includes eight original plays and four adaptations. Two of these, Watch on the Rhine (1941) and Toys in the Attic (1960), received Drama Critics' Circle Awards. In addition to her dramatic activities, she wrote three memoirs and a novella, contributed articles to national magazines, edited Chekov's letters and Dashiell Hammett's mysteries, and penned several screenplays. She is probably best known for The Little Foxes (1939), her drama about a family of predatory entrepreneurs who seek to build an industrial fortune on the ruins of the old South.Both a quick reference guide and an exhaustive resource, this volume provides broad and thorough coverage of Hellman's dramatic career. It begins with a critical overview of her life, along with a chronology of her accomplishments. The bulk of the book, which treats her eight original plays and four adaptations, all written for the Broadway stage, provides detailed plot summaries, stage histories, and critical overviews. The next section offers an annotated bibliography of primary sources. This is followed by an annotated secondary bibliography, which is divided into sections on reviews, books, and articles. Entries in the bibliographies are first arranged chronologically and then alphabetically, so that the reader can gain a fuller sense of the development of Hellman's career and the response to her works over time. Detailed indexes conclude the volume and offer full alphabetical access to its contents.