Throughout history, students and artists have been in the forefront of struggles against tyranny. In Nazi-occupied Holland, Protestants, Catholics, Jews, non-believers, and Communists joined these patriots. Together, they fought Nazi efforts to plunder their county, suppress the people, and send more than 100,000 Dutch Jews to concentration camps.In this riveting narrative, author Barth Hoogstraten tells the stories of eleven ordinary citizens- a sculptor, a young female student, a middle-aged housewife, a banker, and a postal worker-who suddenly found themselves fighting for freedom. They were among the 1,671 Dutch men and women who paid the ultimate price for their heroism. Two were later declared national heroes and posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.Hoogstraten, a survivor of the Nazi Occupation, provides rich details of the hardships, terrifying suspense, and sacrifice that characterized life during the Dutch resistance. Interspersed in this personal and spellbinding account, The Resistance Fighters captures the moments of humor, simple beauty, and love that persevered even in the darkest of days.

History has defined Erasmus and Martin Luther as the two most influential thinkers in pre-Reformation Europe. Through their revolutionary words and writings, they shook the very foundations of Western society. But who were these men? One was born a bastard child of a priest and his maid and rose through academia to the high society of the kingly courts of Europe. The other rejected the life his father planned for him as a prestigious lawyer and instead entered a monastery to pursue his own spiritual path. In this remarkable book, author Barth Hoogstraten goes beyond the limitations of dry historical texts to transport the reader into the final days of medieval Europe at one of the most crucial turning points in history. The reader meets many of the most influential men of the time - from popes and kings to great philosophers and corrupt indulgence sellers - while gaining fascinating insight into two of the most brilliant minds in history.

This new series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the VICe. The editors and authors feel strongly that more standardiza­ tion is needed on a worldwide basis in cancer therapy. This, of course, is only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint policy of making their treatment designs available to practising oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer will discuss all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer therapy. It will cover all types of cancer, thus providing the reader with comprehensive information on cancer management. In recent decades there has been a tremendous improvement in the treatment of cancer, and there is hope for even further success in this fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a concerted response to the challenge of cancer. VICC Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman VII Preface During the past two decades we have witnessed an exciting evolution in the un­ derstanding and management of hematologic malignancies. The number of drugs available 20 years ago for the treatment of acute leukemia was so small that the disease in children and in adults could be discussed within one chapter. Since then, rapid progress has been made in the management of childhood leukemia, making for a much better prognosis. Over the past 10 years we have seen the same developments in respect of leukemia in adults.

This series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the UICe. The editors and authors feel strongly that more standar­ dization in cancer therapy is needed on a worldwide basis. This, of course, is only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint policy of making their treatment designs available to practising oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer discusses all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer therapy. It covers all types of cancer, thus providing the reader with comprehensive infor­ mation on cancer management. In recent decades there has been a tremendous improve­ ment in the treatment of cancer, and there is hope for even fur­ ther success in this fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a concerted response to the challenge of can­ cer. UICC Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman Preface Part I Members of two institutions, the Brompton Hospital in London and the Finsen Institute in Copenhagen, were invited to write on lung cancer, and after reading the manuscripts it was decided that the contents of three pairs of chapters overlapped sufficiently for them to be combined.

This series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the UICC. The editors and authors feel strongly that more standar­ dization in cancer therapy is needed on a worldwide basis. This, of course, is only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint policy of making their treatment designs available 'to practising oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer discusses all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer therapy. It covers all types of cancer, thus providing the reader with comprehensive infor­ mation on cancer management. In recent decades there has been a tremendous improve­ ment in the treatment of cancer, and there is hope for even fur­ ther success in this fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a concerted response to the challenge of can­ cer. UICC Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman 1988 IX Preface With a subject as complicated and sensitive as breast cancer, the concept of producing a book which reflects all opinion on the topic is daunting.

This new series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the VICe. The editors and authors feel strongly that more standardiza­ tion is needed on a worldwide basis in cancer therapy. This, of course, is only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint policy of making their treatment designs available to practising oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer will discuss all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer therapy. It will cover all types of cancer, thus providing the reader with comprehensive information on cancer management. In recent decades there has been a tremendous improvement in the treatment of cancer, and there is hope for even further success in this fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a concerted response to the challenge of cancer. VICC Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman VII Preface During the past two decades we have witnessed an exciting evolution in the un­ derstanding and management of hematologic malignancies. The number of drugs available 20 years ago for the treatment of acute leukemia was so small that the disease in children and in adults could be discussed within one chapter. Since then, rapid progress has been made in the management of childhood leukemia, making for a much better prognosis. Over the past 10 years we have seen the same developments in respect of leukemia in adults.

This series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the UICe. The editors and authors feel strongly that more standar­ dization in cancer therapy is needed on a worldwide basis. This, of course, is only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint policy of making their treatment designs available to practising oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer discusses all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer therapy. It covers all types of cancer, thus providing the reader with comprehensive infor­ mation on cancer management. In recent decades there has been a tremendous improve­ ment in the treatment of cancer, and there is hope for even fur­ ther success in this fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a concerted response to the challenge of can­ cer. UICC Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman Preface Part I Members of two institutions, the Brompton Hospital in London and the Finsen Institute in Copenhagen, were invited to write on lung cancer, and after reading the manuscripts it was decided that the contents of three pairs of chapters overlapped sufficiently for them to be combined.

Throughout history, students and artists have been in the forefront of struggles against tyranny. In Nazi-occupied Holland, Protestants, Catholics, Jews, non-believers, and Communists joined these patriots. Together, they fought Nazi efforts to plunder their county, suppress the people, and send more than 100,000 Dutch Jews to concentration camps.In this riveting narrative, author Barth Hoogstraten tells the stories of eleven ordinary citizens- a sculptor, a young female student, a middle-aged housewife, a banker, and a postal worker-who suddenly found themselves fighting for freedom. They were among the 1,671 Dutch men and women who paid the ultimate price for their heroism. Two were later declared national heroes and posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.Hoogstraten, a survivor of the Nazi Occupation, provides rich details of the hardships, terrifying suspense, and sacrifice that characterized life during the Dutch resistance. Interspersed in this personal and spellbinding account, The Resistance Fighters captures the moments of humor, simple beauty, and love that persevered even in the darkest of days.

History has defined Erasmus and Martin Luther as the two most influential thinkers in pre-Reformation Europe. Through their revolutionary words and writings, they shook the very foundations of Western society. But who were these men? One was born a bastard child of a priest and his maid and rose through academia to the high society of the kingly courts of Europe. The other rejected the life his father planned for him as a prestigious lawyer and instead entered a monastery to pursue his own spiritual path. In this remarkable book, author Barth Hoogstraten goes beyond the limitations of dry historical texts to transport the reader into the final days of medieval Europe at one of the most crucial turning points in history. The reader meets many of the most influential men of the time - from popes and kings to great philosophers and corrupt indulgence sellers - while gaining fascinating insight into two of the most brilliant minds in history.

This new series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the VICe. The editors and authors feel strongly that more standardiza­ tion is needed on a worldwide basis in cancer therapy. This, of course, is only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint policy of making their treatment designs available to practising oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer will discuss all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer therapy. It will cover all types of cancer, thus providing the reader with comprehensive information on cancer management. In recent decades there has been a tremendous improvement in the treatment of cancer, and there is hope for even further success in this fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a concerted response to the challenge of cancer. VICC Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman VII Preface During the past two decades we have witnessed an exciting evolution in the un­ derstanding and management of hematologic malignancies. The number of drugs available 20 years ago for the treatment of acute leukemia was so small that the disease in children and in adults could be discussed within one chapter. Since then, rapid progress has been made in the management of childhood leukemia, making for a much better prognosis. Over the past 10 years we have seen the same developments in respect of leukemia in adults.

This series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the UICe. The editors and authors feel strongly that more standar­ dization in cancer therapy is needed on a worldwide basis. This, of course, is only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint policy of making their treatment designs available to practising oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer discusses all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer therapy. It covers all types of cancer, thus providing the reader with comprehensive infor­ mation on cancer management. In recent decades there has been a tremendous improve­ ment in the treatment of cancer, and there is hope for even fur­ ther success in this fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a concerted response to the challenge of can­ cer. UICC Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman Preface Part I Members of two institutions, the Brompton Hospital in London and the Finsen Institute in Copenhagen, were invited to write on lung cancer, and after reading the manuscripts it was decided that the contents of three pairs of chapters overlapped sufficiently for them to be combined.

This series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the UICC. The editors and authors feel strongly that more standar­ dization in cancer therapy is needed on a worldwide basis. This, of course, is only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint policy of making their treatment designs available 'to practising oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer discusses all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer therapy. It covers all types of cancer, thus providing the reader with comprehensive infor­ mation on cancer management. In recent decades there has been a tremendous improve­ ment in the treatment of cancer, and there is hope for even fur­ ther success in this fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a concerted response to the challenge of can­ cer. UICC Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman 1988 IX Preface With a subject as complicated and sensitive as breast cancer, the concept of producing a book which reflects all opinion on the topic is daunting.

This new series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the VICe. The editors and authors feel strongly that more standardiza­ tion is needed on a worldwide basis in cancer therapy. This, of course, is only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint policy of making their treatment designs available to practising oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer will discuss all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer therapy. It will cover all types of cancer, thus providing the reader with comprehensive information on cancer management. In recent decades there has been a tremendous improvement in the treatment of cancer, and there is hope for even further success in this fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a concerted response to the challenge of cancer. VICC Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman VII Preface During the past two decades we have witnessed an exciting evolution in the un­ derstanding and management of hematologic malignancies. The number of drugs available 20 years ago for the treatment of acute leukemia was so small that the disease in children and in adults could be discussed within one chapter. Since then, rapid progress has been made in the management of childhood leukemia, making for a much better prognosis. Over the past 10 years we have seen the same developments in respect of leukemia in adults.

This series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the UICe. The editors and authors feel strongly that more standar­ dization in cancer therapy is needed on a worldwide basis. This, of course, is only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint policy of making their treatment designs available to practising oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer discusses all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer therapy. It covers all types of cancer, thus providing the reader with comprehensive infor­ mation on cancer management. In recent decades there has been a tremendous improve­ ment in the treatment of cancer, and there is hope for even fur­ ther success in this fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a concerted response to the challenge of can­ cer. UICC Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman Preface Part I Members of two institutions, the Brompton Hospital in London and the Finsen Institute in Copenhagen, were invited to write on lung cancer, and after reading the manuscripts it was decided that the contents of three pairs of chapters overlapped sufficiently for them to be combined.