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In 1204, brothers Alexios and David Komnenos became the unwitting founders of the Empire of Trebizond, a successor state to the Byzantine Empire that emerged after Crusaders sacked Constantinople. Trebizond, which stretched along the coast of the Black Sea, outlasted numerous rivals and invaders until its fall to the Ottoman Turks in 1461. Though this empire has fascinated writers from Cervantes to Dorothy Dunnett, few Trapezuntine writings survive.This volume presents translations from the Greek of two crucial primary sources published together for the first time: On the Emperors of Trebizond and Encomium on Trebizond. In the fourteenth century, Michael Panaretos, the emperor’s personal secretary, penned the only extant history of the ruling dynasty, including key details about foreign relations. The encomium by Bessarion (1403–1472), here in English for the first time, praises the author’s native city and retells Trapezuntine history from antiquity to his own moment. It provides enlightening perspectives on Byzantine identity and illuminating views of this major trading hub along the Silk Road.
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Bessarion (1408-1472) was the foremost authority on Byzantine philosophy during the 15th century. His major philosophical work, the In Calumniatorem Platonis, was written and published in Italy more than a decade after the fall of Byzantium. This work is of paramount importance to our understanding of Byzantine philosophical traditions and the history of their dissemination in the West. In spite of its significance, only books 1-4 and 6 have previously been accessible to scholars as a critical text. The present volume contains the editio princeps of both the Latin and Greek versions of the fifth book. The „Translationis Legum Platonis examinatio et errorum eius declaratio“, as it is entitled in Latin, is Bessarion’s learned review of the Latin translation of Plato’s Laws made by George of Trebizond. Bessarion, a student of Plethon and himself a translator of the Metaphysics of Aristotle into Latin, takes here an in-depth look at George’s translation, exposing a large number of mistranslated passages, omissions and distortions. Bessarion’s review is an impressive testimony to his efforts to promulgate knowledge of Platonic philosophy among Western scholars.
Liber Defensionum contra Obiectiones in Platonem
Cardinal Bessarion’s Own Latin Translation of His Greek Defense of Plato against George of Trebizond
Inbunden, Engelska, 2023
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In 1458 George of Trebizond transferred the Plato-Aristotle controversy from the Byzantine world to the Latin by publishing his Comparatio Philosophorum Platonis et Aristotelis et Praestantia Aristotelis, a full-scale attack on Plato and the Platonic tradition from antiquity to the present day, ending with a violent diatribe on the dangers posed by the influence of Cardinal Bessarion’s recently deceased teacher, George Gemistus Pletho. To respond, Bessarion knew that he would have to do so in Latin, but in actuality, he composed his response in Greek and then translated it into Latin. The result was the Liber Defensionum contra Obiectiones in Platonem, which was ready for publication by 1466. At that point, however, he withdrew it from publication in order to expand its content as well as to refine its Latinity. Bessarion’s response finally appeared in 1469 as the In Calumniatorem Platonis. But it was in the Liber Defensionum that Bessarion made his major decisions on what to include as well as what to exclude from his original Greek text and exactly how he would render the Greek into Latin. Thus, to understand the language and structure of the In Calumniatorem Platonis one must turn first to the Liber Defensionum.