Bin Zhu – författare

The misdistribution of health manpower is one of the major challenges faced by the Chinese health sector hindering people’s access to healthcare. However, this subject remains underexplored, as spatial distribution characteristics have not been fully mapped out, nor have its causes been determined at the macro regional level. To fill this research void, this study aims to conduct sophisticated spatial analyses to examine the characteristics of health manpower distribution and test various determinants of health manpower densities. By introducing spatial techniques, this study sheds light on the distribution of health manpower in China, thus offering invaluable evidence for making national and regional policies to facilitate a more effective distribution of health manpower in China. On the one hand, this study used spatial statistics (space-time scan statistics and Moran’s I statistics) to reveal, visualize, and compare the temporal trends, spatio-temporal dynamics, and spatial clustering patterns of different subtypes of health manpower (clinicians, doctors of traditional Chinese medicine, dentists, public health doctors, general practitioners, registered nurses, pharmacists, technologists, and interns) and their total. The results reveal that regional disparities and huge urban-rural imbalances exist in China’s health manpower distribution, indicating that some provincial units have been left behind. In addition, spatial distribution characteristics varied across different subtypes of health manpower, which still held with respect to either the urban or rural health manpower distribution. On the other hand, this study theoretically modeled and empirically measured various determinants of health manpower distribution from both the supply and demand sides while taking the spillover effect between adjacent geographical units into consideration. Based on the results of the estimation, the health service demand was, as expected, found to forcefully drive the health manpower distribution across the nation. In light of this, the increase in health services demands in a province could significantly help one unit attract licensed doctors and registered nurses from adjacent units. Unexpectedly but intriguingly, the power of medical education capacity was relatively limited in increasing the health manpower density in local units compared to its spillover effect on neighboring units. In addition, government and social health expenditure played different roles in the health labor market, the former being more effective in increasing the stock of licensed doctors and registered nurses, the latter doing better in attracting dentists and general practitioners. This study has the potential to make profound contributions to the theory and practice of health manpower distribution in China. First, this study advances our understanding of characteristics of health manpower distribution by introducing spatial statistics. By doing so, this study visualizes the detailed spatial distribution characteristics with maps and identifies the priority areas for health manpower allocation in China. Second, this study provides a comprehensive research framework to understand the potential drivers of health manpower distribution, and more importantly, takes spillover effects into consideration and measures them for the first time. Third, this study systematically explores and compares the distribution characteristics and determinants of different subtypes of health manpower, which differ greatly. By exploring both the characteristics and determinants, this study gives a full picture of the health manpower distribution and provides new evidence for making health manpower allocation policies in China.

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the 17th Workshop on e-Business, WeB 2018, which took place in Santa Clara, CA, USA, in December 2018. The purpose of WeB is to provide an open forum for e-Business researchers and practitioners world-wide, to share topical research findings, explore novel ideas, discuss success stories and lessons learned, map out major challenges, and collectively chart future directions for e-Business. The WeB 2018 theme was “The Ecosystem of e-Business: Technologies, Stakeholders, and Connections.”There was a total of 47 submissions and 41 papers were presented at the conference. Of these, 19 revised papers are presented in this volume. These contributions are organized in the following topical sections: social, policy, and privacy issues; e-market; FinTech; and artificial intelligence.

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the 18th Workshop on e-Business, WeB 2019, which took place in Munich, Germany, in December 2019.  The purpose of WeB is to provide a forum for researchers and practitioners to discuss findings, novel ideas, and lessons learned to address major challenges and map out the future directions for e-Business. The WeB 2019 theme was “Smart Business: Technology and Data Enabled Innovative Business Models and Practices.” The 20 papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 42 submissions. The contributions are organized in topical sections as follows: crowdfunding and blockchain; business analytics; digital platforms and social media; managing e-Business projects and processes; and global e-Business.

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the 18th Workshop on e-Business, WeB 2019, which took place in Munich, Germany, in December 2019. 

The purpose of WeB is to provide a forum for researchers and practitioners to discuss findings, novel ideas, and lessons learned to address major challenges and map out the future directions for e-Business. The WeB 2019 theme was “Smart Business: Technology and Data Enabled Innovative Business Models and Practices.”

The 20 papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 42 submissions. The contributions are organized in topical sections as follows: crowdfunding and blockchain; business analytics; digital platforms and social media; managing e-Business projects and processes; and global e-Business.

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the 22nd Workshop on e-Business, WeB 2023, which took place in Hyderabad, India, on December 9, 2023.The purpose of WeB is to provide a forum for researchers and practitioners to discuss findings, novel ideas, and lessons learned to address major challenges and map out the future directions for e-Business. The WeB 2023 theme was “Generative AI in e-Business”.The 13 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 46 submissions. They focus on both the transformative potential and the challenges of integrating generative AI into e-business models, paving the way for a future where AI empowers businesses and enriches lives.

Presents innovative approaches towards affordable, highly efficient, and reliable sustainable energy systems Written by leading experts on the subject, this book provides not only a basic introduction and understanding of conventional fuel cell principle, but also an updated view of the most recent developments in this field. It focuses on the new energy conversion technologies based on both electrolyte and electrolyte-free fuel cells?from advanced novel ceria-based composite electrolyte low temperature solid oxide fuel cells to non-electrolyte fuel cells as advanced fuel-to-electricity conversion technology. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices is divided into three parts. Part I covers the latest developments of anode, electrolyte, and cathode materials as well as the SOFC technologies. Part II discusses the non-electrolyte or semiconductor-based membrane fuel cells. Part III focuses on engineering efforts on materials, technology, devices and stack developments, and looks at various applications and new opportunities of SOFC using both the electrolyte and non-electrolyte principles, including integrated fuel cell systems with electrolysis, solar energy, and more. -Offers knowledge on how to realize highly efficient fuel cells with novel device structures -Shows the opportunity to transform the future fuel cell markets and the possibility to commercialize fuel cells in an extended range of applications -Presents a unique collection of contributions on the development of solid oxide fuel cells from electrolyte based to non-electrolyte-based technology -Provides a more comprehensive understanding of the advances in fuel cells and bridges the knowledge from traditional SOFC to the new concept -Allows readers to track the development from the conventional SOFC to the non-electrolyte or single-component fuel cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices will serve as an important reference work to students, scientists, engineers, researchers, and technology developers in the fuel cell field.

Presents innovative approaches towards affordable, highly efficient, and reliable sustainable energy systems Written by leading experts on the subject, this book provides not only a basic introduction and understanding of conventional fuel cell principle, but also an updated view of the most recent developments in this field. It focuses on the new energy conversion technologies based on both electrolyte and electrolyte-free fuel cells?from advanced novel ceria-based composite electrolyte low temperature solid oxide fuel cells to non-electrolyte fuel cells as advanced fuel-to-electricity conversion technology. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices is divided into three parts. Part I covers the latest developments of anode, electrolyte, and cathode materials as well as the SOFC technologies. Part II discusses the non-electrolyte or semiconductor-based membrane fuel cells. Part III focuses on engineering efforts on materials, technology, devices and stack developments, and looks at various applications and new opportunities of SOFC using both the electrolyte and non-electrolyte principles, including integrated fuel cell systems with electrolysis, solar energy, and more. -Offers knowledge on how to realize highly efficient fuel cells with novel device structures -Shows the opportunity to transform the future fuel cell markets and the possibility to commercialize fuel cells in an extended range of applications -Presents a unique collection of contributions on the development of solid oxide fuel cells from electrolyte based to non-electrolyte-based technology -Provides a more comprehensive understanding of the advances in fuel cells and bridges the knowledge from traditional SOFC to the new concept -Allows readers to track the development from the conventional SOFC to the non-electrolyte or single-component fuel cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices will serve as an important reference work to students, scientists, engineers, researchers, and technology developers in the fuel cell field.

Presents innovative approaches towards affordable, highly efficient, and reliable sustainable energy systems Written by leading experts on the subject, this book provides not only a basic introduction and understanding of conventional fuel cell principle, but also an updated view of the most recent developments in this field. It focuses on the new energy conversion technologies based on both electrolyte and electrolyte-free fuel cells?from advanced novel ceria-based composite electrolyte low temperature solid oxide fuel cells to non-electrolyte fuel cells as advanced fuel-to-electricity conversion technology. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices is divided into three parts. Part I covers the latest developments of anode, electrolyte, and cathode materials as well as the SOFC technologies. Part II discusses the non-electrolyte or semiconductor-based membrane fuel cells. Part III focuses on engineering efforts on materials, technology, devices and stack developments, and looks at various applications and new opportunities of SOFC using both the electrolyte and non-electrolyte principles, including integrated fuel cell systems with electrolysis, solar energy, and more. -Offers knowledge on how to realize highly efficient fuel cells with novel device structures -Shows the opportunity to transform the future fuel cell markets and the possibility to commercialize fuel cells in an extended range of applications -Presents a unique collection of contributions on the development of solid oxide fuel cells from electrolyte based to non-electrolyte-based technology -Provides a more comprehensive understanding of the advances in fuel cells and bridges the knowledge from traditional SOFC to the new concept -Allows readers to track the development from the conventional SOFC to the non-electrolyte or single-component fuel cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices will serve as an important reference work to students, scientists, engineers, researchers, and technology developers in the fuel cell field.

This book illustrates the diagnostic and therapeutic approach, surgical procedure selection, and operative steps of common spinal degenerative disorders. Firstly, the fundamental principles of surgical spinal endoscopy are introduced, including development, spinal anatomy, radiological parameters, commonly used spinal assessment scales, and the natural history of various degenerative spinal diseases. Then diagnosis, treatment strategies, surgical techniques, and prognostic outcomes of spinal degenerative disorders are presented, accompanied by typical cases, medical illustrations, and intraoperative endoscopic videos on lumbar transforaminal, lumbar interlaminar, thoracic transforaminal, thoracic interlaminar, cervical endoscopic techniques, and lumbar endoscopic fusion techniques. It will be a helpful reference for aiding readers in rapidly mastering the relevant anatomy and techniques of full-spine endoscopic surgery.

This book systematically and comprehensively expounds the calculation theory, design method and engineering application of CWR turnout on bridges on high-speed railway. This book applies the concept of systems engineering and considers the vehicle-turnout-bridge as a coupled system. It combines static analysis, dynamic simulation, laboratory tests, and field tests, integrating theoretical research with practical engineering applications. The book solves critical technical puzzles such as constitutive relationships in force transfer mechanisms and interactions between turnouts and bridges, optimal configurations of turnouts relative to bridges, and appropriate structural designs and parameters for turnout beams. It establishes the calculation theory and design method for welded turnouts on bridges, creating a complete technical framework that includes theoretical analysis, structural design, testing, monitoring, and technical standards, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of high-speed railway turnouts on bridges in China. Moreover, the book introduces innovative design concepts for controlling relative displacements between turnouts and bridges, proposes design methods for welded turnouts on high-speed railway bridges, conducts service status monitoring and dynamic performance testing, and validates a wealth of field data. It summarizes research findings and practical experiences in the field of welded turnout technology on high-speed railway bridges, serving as a valuable resource for industry professionals, college students, and postgraduates involved in high-speed railway track engineering.