Brian B. Schwartz – författare

The Institute for Amorphous Studies was founded in 1982 as the international center for the investigation of amorphous mate­ rials. It has since played an important role in promoting the und er­ standing of disordered matter in general. An Institute lecture series on "Fundamentals of Amorphous Materials and Devices" was held during 1982-83 with distinguished speakers from universities and industry. These events were free and open to the public ,and were attended by many representatives of the scientific community. The lectures themselves were highly successful inasmuch as they provided not only formal instruction but also an opportunity for vigorous and stimulating debate. That last element could not be captured within the pages of a book I but the lectures concentrated on the latest advances in the field I which is why their essential contents are he re reproduced in collective form. Together they constitute an interdisciplinary status report of the field. The speakers brought many different viewpoints and a variety of back­ ground experiences io bear on the problems involved I but though language and conventions vary I the essential unity of the concerns is very clear I as indeed are the ultimate benefits of the many-sided approach.

This Festschrift is an outgrowth of a collection of papers presented as a conference in honor of Professor Heinz K. Henisch on his sixty-fifth birthday held at the Institute for Amorphous Studies. Bloomfield Hills. Michigan. It is our great pleasure to be editors of the Festschrift volume to honor Heinz and his work. Professor Henisch has a long and distinguished career and has many accomplishments in semiconductor materials and devices. He has made seminal contributions to the understanding of semiconductor switching devices and contact properties. He has an outstandin~ reputation as an expositor of science. His seminars and lectures are always deep. lucid and witty. He received his doctorate in Physics from the University of Reading and then joined the faculty. In 1963. he accepted a position in the Department of Physics at Pennsylvania State University. While at Penn State. Dr. Henisch broadened his research interest to include the History of Photography. At the present time. Dr. Henisch holds parallel appointments as a Professor of Physics and a Professor of the History of Photography at Pennsylvania State University. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. the Institute of Physics. London. the Royal Photographic society and is a Corresponding Member of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Photographie. In addition to his considerable publication in the fields of physics and the history of photography. Dr. Henisch is the founder and editor of the Journal of the History of Photography published quarterly by Taylor and Francis. Ltd .. London.

This Festschrift is an outgrowth of a collection of papers presented as a conference in honor of Professor Heinz K. Henisch on his sixty-fifth birthday held at the Institute for Amorphous Studies. Bloomfield Hills. Michigan. It is our great pleasure to be editors of the Festschrift volume to honor Heinz and his work. Professor Henisch has a long and distinguished career and has many accomplishments in semiconductor materials and devices. He has made seminal contributions to the understanding of semiconductor switching devices and contact properties. He has an outstandin~ reputation as an expositor of science. His seminars and lectures are always deep. lucid and witty. He received his doctorate in Physics from the University of Reading and then joined the faculty. In 1963. he accepted a position in the Department of Physics at Pennsylvania State University. While at Penn State. Dr. Henisch broadened his research interest to include the History of Photography. At the present time. Dr. Henisch holds parallel appointments as a Professor of Physics and a Professor of the History of Photography at Pennsylvania State University. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. the Institute of Physics. London. the Royal Photographic society and is a Corresponding Member of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Photographie. In addition to his considerable publication in the fields of physics and the history of photography. Dr. Henisch is the founder and editor of the Journal of the History of Photography published quarterly by Taylor and Francis. Ltd .. London.

Landmark contributions to science and mechanisms for the origin of the phenomena, and technology are rarely recognized at the time of reached important conclusions about the physical publication. Few people, even in technical areas, nature of the materials at equilibrium and their recogni zed the importance of developments such as electronic nonequilibrium properties. Many of these the transistor, the laser, or electrophotography ideas were condensed into a publication for Physical until well after their successful demonstration. Review Letters, paper 1 in this collection. This So-called experts, in fact, tend to resist new paper immediately attracted attention to the field, inventions, a natural instinct based on a combina­ and directly lead to the initiation of large research tion of fear of obsolescent expertise and jealousy efforts at both industrial laboratories and univer- arising from lack of active participation in the ties throughout the world. Inevitably, there was discovery. the usual amount of controversy, with many experts Denigration of new ideas is a relatively simultaneously taking positions (2) and (3) above. safe modus operandi, since the vast majority It has now been well over 20 years since eventually are abandoned well short of commerciality. the original publication date, and an objective view However, a successful device can be identified by can be taken in hindsight.

This book encompasses the science, measurement, fabrica­ tion, and use of superconducting materials in large scale and small scale technologies. The present book is in some sense a continuation and completion of a series of two earlier books based on NA TO Advanced Study Institutes held over the last decade. The first book in the series entitled Superconducting Machines ~nd Devices: Large Systems Appli­ cations edited by S. Foner and B. B. Schwartz (1974) represented a compilation of all the applications of superconducting technology. The second book entitled Superconductor Applications: Squids and Machines, edited by B. B. Schwartz and S. Foner (1977) reviewed small scale applications and up-dated the large scale applications of superconductiv­ ity at that time. These two books are both introductions and advanced reference volumes for almost all aspects of the applications of super­ conductivity. The growth of applied superconductivity has mushroomed in the decade of the 1970''s. Technologies which were discussed in the beginning of the 1970''s are now beyond the prototype stage. Materials development and performance in operating systems is the basis of the continued applications and economic viability of super­ conducting technology. In this book, a complete review of all materials technology is presented by leading authorities who were instrumental in the development of superconducting materials technology. The present book is based on the NATO Advanced Study vi PREFACE Institute entitled Superconducting Materials: Science and Technology which was held from August 20 to August 30, 1980 in Sintra, Portugal.

This book encompasses the science, measurement, fabrica­ tion, and use of superconducting materials in large scale and small scale technologies. The present book is in some sense a continuation and completion of a series of two earlier books based on NA TO Advanced Study Institutes held over the last decade. The first book in the series entitled Superconducting Machines ~nd Devices: Large Systems Appli­ cations edited by S. Foner and B. B. Schwartz (1974) represented a compilation of all the applications of superconducting technology. The second book entitled Superconductor Applications: Squids and Machines, edited by B. B. Schwartz and S. Foner (1977) reviewed small scale applications and up-dated the large scale applications of superconductiv­ ity at that time. These two books are both introductions and advanced reference volumes for almost all aspects of the applications of super­ conductivity. The growth of applied superconductivity has mushroomed in the decade of the 1970's. Technologies which were discussed in the beginning of the 1970's are now beyond the prototype stage. Materials development and performance in operating systems is the basis of the continued applications and economic viability of super­ conducting technology. In this book, a complete review of all materials technology is presented by leading authorities who were instrumental in the development of superconducting materials technology. The present book is based on the NATO Advanced Study vi PREFACE Institute entitled Superconducting Materials: Science and Technology which was held from August 20 to August 30, 1980 in Sintra, Portugal.

The Institute for Amorphous Studies was founded in 1982 as the international center for the investigation of amorphous mate­ rials. It has since played an important role in promoting the und er­ standing of disordered matter in general. An Institute lecture series on "Fundamentals of Amorphous Materials and Devices" was held during 1982-83 with distinguished speakers from universities and industry. These events were free and open to the public ,and were attended by many representatives of the scientific community. The lectures themselves were highly successful inasmuch as they provided not only formal instruction but also an opportunity for vigorous and stimulating debate. That last element could not be captured within the pages of a book I but the lectures concentrated on the latest advances in the field I which is why their essential contents are he re reproduced in collective form. Together they constitute an interdisciplinary status report of the field. The speakers brought many different viewpoints and a variety of back­ ground experiences io bear on the problems involved I but though language and conventions vary I the essential unity of the concerns is very clear I as indeed are the ultimate benefits of the many-sided approach.