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Who were the first humans to inhabit North America? According to the now familiar story, mammal hunters entered the continent some 12,000 years ago via a land bridge that spanned the Bering Sea. Distinctive stone tools belonging to the Clovis culture established the presence of these early New World people. But are the Clovis tools Asian in origin? Drawing from original archaeological analysis, paleoclimatic research, and genetic studies, noted archaeologists Dennis J. Stanford and Bruce A. Bradley challenge the old narrative and, in the process, counter traditional - and often subjective - approaches to archaeological testing for historical relatedness. The authors apply rigorous scholarship to a hypothesis that places the technological antecedents of Clovis in Europe and posits that the first Americans crossed the Atlantic by boat and arrived earlier than previously thought. Supplying archaeological and oceanographic evidence to support this assertion, the book dismantles the old paradigm while persuasively linking Clovis technology with the culture of the Solutrean people who occupied France and Spain more than 20,000 years ago.
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In 1987, workers installing irrigation pipes in an apple orchard in East Wenatchee, Washington, discovered a cache of Clovis materials. The uncovered bifaces—larger than most previously discovered Clovis artifacts with unmatched quality and quantity—had a lasting impact on archaeology. Flaked Stone Artifacts from the East Wenatchee Clovis Cache delineates not only the history of the site, but also describes the flaked stone artifacts, analyzes the manufacturing strategies indicated by their flaking patterns, and draws conclusions about potential patterns of Clovis biface production.Seasoned archaeologists and editors Bruce B. Huckell, Bruce A. Bradley, and Peter J. Mehringer note that the value of studying such caches lies in what they may reveal about transportation patterns among Paleolithic inhabitants of North America. Since lithic tools often provide evidence of initial quarrying at one location followed by finishing work and storage at another location, the caches where these technologies are unearthed permit inferences about the makers' routes between quarries and camps, as well as the characteristics of cache sites versus hunting camps and kill sites.In this heavily illustrated volume, readers can see for themselves the bifaces' size variance and technological sequences that allude to potential production strategies of the Clovis flint knappers. Unique to the site are the large fluted points that suggest ceremonial use because they're bigger than what scholars identify as "utilitarian." Flaked Stone Artifacts from the East Wenatchee Clovis Cache provides a detailed technological analysis of the specimens recovered, enlightening researchers on the lifeways and ideologies of some of the earliest North Americans.